: References : Two dimensional anelastic model : 5 Radiation

6 Ground surface

The grand temperature is calculated by the 1D thermal conduction equation.

 (55)

where is the grand temperature (K), is the soil density (kgm), is the specific heat of soil (JkgK), and is the thermal conductivity (WmK). The surface temperature is given by .

The boundary condition at the surface is given as follows.

 (56)

where is the solar radiative flux at the surface (the sign of downward flux is positive), is the surface albedo, is the net infrared radiative flux emitted from the surface and is the sensible heat flux (the sign of upward flux is positive). The lower boundary of the grand surface is given as a insulation boundary.

Parameters

The values of soil density, thermal conductivity and specific heat are same as those of standard model of Kieffer et al. (1977).

 Parameters Standard values Note 0.25 Kieffer et al. (1977) 1650 kgm $B!7(B 588 JKkg $B!7(B 7.63 JKmsec $B!7(B By using these values, the thermal inertia is 272 WmsecK and the diurnal skin depth of is about 8.2 cm. : References : Two dimensional anelastic model : 5 Radiation Odaka Masatsugu $BJ?@.(B19$BG/(B4$B7n(B25\$BF|(B