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\Ztitlea{GATE ����ʸ��}
  
  \begin{description}
    \item Arakawa, A., Schubert, W.H., 1974 : 
          Interaction of a cumulus cloud ensemble 
          with the large-scale environment, Part I. 
          {\it J. Atmos. Sci.}, {\bf 31}, 674-701. 
    \item Barnes, G.M., Sieckman, K., 1984 : 
          The environment of fast- and slow-moving 
            tropical convective cloud lines. 
          {\it J. Atmos. Sci.}, {\bf 112}, 1782-1794. 
    \item Br\"{u}mmer, B., 1978 :
          Mass and energy budgets of a 1 km high atmospheric box over the 
          GATE C-scale triangle during undisturbed and disturbed weather 
          conditions.
          {\it J.Atmos.Sci.}, {\bf 35}, 997-1011.
    \item Burpee, R.W., Reed, R.J.,1982 : 
          The GARP Atlantic tropical experimnet monograph, 
             chapter 4 : Synoptic-scale motions. 
          {\it GARP Publications series}, {\bf 25}, 61-120.
    \item Byers, H.R., Braham, R.R., Jr., 1948 :
          Thunderstorm structure and circulation.
          {\it J. Meteor.}, {\bf 5}, 71-86.
    \item Chang, C.-P., 1970 : 
          Westward propating cloud patterns in the tropical Pacific 
            as seen from time-composite satellite photographs.
          {\it J. Atmos. Sci.}, {\bf 27}, 133-138.
    \item Charney, J.G., Eliassen, A., 1964:
          On the growth of the hurricane depression.
          {\it J. Atmos. Sci.}, {\bf  21}, 68--75.
    \item Cheng, Ming-Dean, 1987 : 
          Effects of downdrafts and mesoscale convective organization 
          on the heat and moisture budgets of squall 
          and nonsquall cloud clusters in the tropics. 
          Ph.D. thesis, Department of Atmospheric Science, UCLA, 222pp.
    \item Cox, S.K., Griffith, K.T., 1979a :
          Estimates of radiative divergence during phase III of the
          GARP Atlantic Tropical Experiment.
          Part I. Methodology.
          {\it J.Atoms.Sci.}, {\bf 36}, 576-585.
    \item Cox, S.K., Griffith, K.T., 1979b :
          Estimates of radiative divergence during phase III of the
          GARP Atlantic Tropical Experiment.
          Part II. Analysis of Phase III results.
          {\it J.Atoms.Sci.}, {\bf 36}, 586-601.
    \item Cruz, L.A., 1973 : 
          Venezuelan rainstorms as seen by rader.
          {\it J.Applied Met.}, {\bf 12}, 119-126.
    \item Dopplick, T.G., 1970, : 
          Global radiative heating of the earth's atmosphere. 
          Rep. No. 24, Planet. Circ. Project, 
          Dept. of Meteorology, MIT, 128 pp.
    \item Gamache, J.F., Houze, R.J., Jr., 1982 :
          Mesoscale air motions associated 
          with a tropical squall line.
          {\it Mon. Wea. Rev.}, {\bf 110}, 118-135. 
    \item Gautier, C., 1978 :
          Some evidence of cold surface water pools associated with mesoscale
          downdrafts during GATE.
          {\it J.Phys.Oceanogr.}, {\bf 8}, 162-166.
    \item Gaynor, J.E., Mandics, P.A., 1978 :
          Analysis of the tropical marine boundary layer during GATE
          using acoustic souder data.
          {\it Mon.Wea.Rev.}, {\bf 106}, 223-232.
    \item Houze, R.J., Jr., 1977 :
          Structure and dynamics of a tropical squall-line systems. 
          {\it Mon. Wea. Rev.}, {\bf 103}, 1540-1567. 
    \item Houze, R.J., Jr., Betts, A.K., 1981 :
          Convection in GATE.
          {\it Rev. Geophys. Space Physics}, {\bf 19}, 541-576.
    \item Houze, R.A., Churchill, D.D., 1984 :
          Microphysical structure of winter monsoon cloud clusters.
          {\it J.Atoms.Sci.}, {\bf 41}, 3405-3411.
    \item International and Scientific Management Group for GATE,
          Bracknell, U.K. and Geneva, Switzerland,
          World Meteorological Organization, 1974 : 
          GATE fianl international plans.
          {\it Bulletin American Meteorological Society},
          {\bf 55}, 712-744.
    \item International Science and Management Group, 1975a : 
          GATE Report No.17 : 
          Report on the field phase of the GATE meteorological atlas. 
    \item International Science and Management Group, 1975b : 
          GATE Report No.18 : 
          Report on the field phase 
            of the GATE aircraft mission summary. 
    \item Johnson, R.H., 1981 :
          Large scale effects of deep convection on the GATE tropical boundary
          layer.
          {\it J.Atmos.Sci.}, {\bf 38}, 2399-2413.
    \item Kao, C.-Y.J., Ogura, Y., 1987 :
          Response of cumulus clouds to large-scale forcing using the 
          Arakawa-Schubert cumulus parametarization.
          {\it J.Atmos.Sci.}, {\bf 44}, 2437-2458.
    \item Krishnamurti, T.N., Pasch, R.J.,1982 : 
          The GARP Atlantic tropical experimnet monograph, 
             chapter 3 : Large-scale mean state. 
          {\it GARP Publications series}, {\bf 25}, 27-60.
    \item Kuettner, J.P., Parker, D.E., 1976 : 
          GATE : Report on the field phase. 
          {\it Bulletin American Meteorological Society},
          {\bf 41}, 11-29.
    \item Kwon, H.J.,1989 : 
          A reexamination of the genesis of African waves. 
          {\it J.Atmos.Sci.}, {\bf 46}, 3621-3531
    \item Kwon, H.J., Mak, M.,1990 : 
          A study of the structual tranceformation 
           of the African easterly waves. 
          {\it J.Atmos.Sci.}, {\bf 47}, 277-292
    \item Leary, C.A., Houze, R.A.Jr., 1979 : 
          The sturcture and evolution of convection 
            in a tropical cloud cluster. 
          {\it J. Atmos. Sci.}, {\bf 36}, 437-457.
    \item LeMone, M.A., 1983 :
          Momentum tramsport by a line of cumulonimbus.
          {\it J.Atmos.Sci.}, {\bf 40}, 1815-1834.
    \item LeMone, M.A., Meitin, R.J. 1984 :
          Three examples of fair-weather mesoscale boundary-layer convection in
          the tropics.
          {\it Mon.Wea.Rev.}, {\bf 112}, 1985-1997.
    \item LeMone, M.A., Zipser, E.J., 1980 :
          Cumulonimbus vertical velocity events in GATE.
          Part I : diameter intensity and mass flux.
          {\it J.Atoms.Sci.}, {\bf 37}, 2444-2457.
    \item Mass,C.,1979 : 
          A linear primitive equation model 
            of African wave disturbances. 
          {\it J.Atmos.Sci.}, {\bf 36}, 2075-2092
    \item Mower, R.N., Austin, G.L., Betts, A.K., Gautier, C., 
            Grossman, R., Kelly, J., Marks, F., Martin, D.W., 1979 : 
          A case study of GATE convective activity. 
          {\it Atmosphere-Ocean}, {\bf 17}, 46-59.
    \item Nitta, T, 1977 : 
          Response of cumulus updraft and downdraft 
          to GATE A/B-scale motion systems��
          {\it J.Atmos.Sci.}, {\bf 34}, 1163-1186. 
          2075-2092
    \item Norquist, D.C., Recker, E.E., Reed, R.J., 1977 : 
          The energetics of African wave disturbances 
            as observed during phase III of GATE. 
          {\it Mon. Wea. Rev.}, {\bf 105}, 334-342
    \item Ogura, Y., Kao, C.-Y.J., 1987 :
          Numerical simulation of a tropical mesoscale convective system 
          using the Arakawa-Schubert cumulus parametarization.
          {\it J.Atmos.Sci.}, {\bf 44}, 2459-2476.
    \item Ooyama, K., 1964 :
          A dynamical model for the study of tropical cyclone
          development.
          {\it Geofis. Intern.}, {\bf 4}, 187-198.
    \item Petrossiants, M.A., 1982 : 
          The GARP Atlantic tropical experimnet monograph, 
             chapter 1 : Major tasks of GATE.
          {\it GARP Publications series}, {\bf 25}, 1-26.
    \item Philander, S.G.H., 1974 :
          The oceanographic subprogram of GATE.
          In GATE, final international scientific plans,
          by International and scientific management group for GATE,
          WWO.
          {\it Bulletin American Meteorological Society}, {\bf 55}, 738-744.
    \item Reed, R.J., Norquist, D.C., Recker, E.E., 1977 : 
          The structure and properties of African wave disturbances 
            as observed during phase III of GATE. 
          {\it Mon. Wea. Rev.}, {\bf 105}, 317-333
    \item Reed, R.J., Recker, E.E., 1971 : 
          Strcture and properties of synoptic-scale wave disturbances
            in the equatrial western Pacific. 
          {\it J. Atmos. Sci.}, {\bf 28}, 1117-1133.
    \item Reed, R.J.,1978 : 
          The structure and behaviour of easterly waves 
            over West Africa and the Atlantic, 
          {\it in Meteorology over the tropical oceans}, 57-71
    \item Reed, R.J., Klinker, E., Hollingsworth, A., 1987 : 
          AN evaluation of the performance 
            of the ECMWF operational forcasting system 
            in analysing and forcasting 
            tropical easterly wave disturbances. 
          {\it ECMWF technical report}, {\bf No. 60}, 65pp. 
    \item Riehl, H., 1971 : 
           Climate and weather in the tropics. 
          {\it Academic Press} 611pp.
    \item Riehl, H., Malkus, J.S., 1958 :
          On the heat balance in the equatorial trough zone.
          {\it Geophysica}, {\bf 6}, 503-538.
    \item Simpson, J., 1976 : 
          The GATE aircraft program : a personal view. 
          GATE : Report on the field phase. 
          {\it Bulletin American Meteorological Society},
          {\bf 57}, 27-30.
    \item Simpson, J., van Helvoirt, G., 1980 :
          GATE cloud-subcloud layer interactions examined using 
          a three-dimensional cumulus model.
          {\it Beitr.Phys.Atmos.}, {\bf 53}, 106-134.
    \item Simpson, J., Morton, B.R., McCumber, M.C., Penc, R.S., 1986 :
          Observations and mechanisms of GATE waterspouts.
          {\it J.Atmos.Sci.}, {\bf 43}, 753-782.
    \item Smith, C.L., Zipser, E.J., Daggupaty, S.M., Sapp, L., 1975 :
          An experiment in tropical mesoscale analysis : Part 1.
          {\it Mon. Wea. Rev.}, {\bf 103}, 878-903.
    \item Soong, S.-T., Tao, W.-K. 1980 :
          Response of deep tropical cumulus clouds to mesoscale processes.
          {\it J.Atmos.Sci.}, {\bf 37}, 2016-2034.
    \item Sui, C.-H., Yanai, M., 1986 :
          Cumulus ensemble effects on the large scale vorticity and momentum
          fields of GATE. 
          Part I: Observational evidence.
          {\it J.Atmos.Sci.}, {\bf 43}, 1618-1642.
    \item Tao, W.-K., Simpson, J., 1989 :
          Modeling study of a tropical squall-type convective line.
          {\it J.Atmos.Sci.}, {\bf 46}, 177-202.
    \item Thompson, R.M. Jr., Payne, S.W., 
            Recker, E.E., Reed, R.J., 1979 : 
          Sturcture and properties of synoptic-scale wave disturbances 
            in the intertropical convergence zone 
            of the eastern Atlantic. 
          {\it J. Atmos. Sci.}, {\bf 36}, 53-72
    \item Warner, C., 1980 : 
          Cloud measurements on day 245 of GATE. 
          {\it Atmosphere-Ocean}, {\bf 18}, 207-226.
    \item Wylie, D.P., Ropelewski, C.F., 1980 :
          The GATE boundary layer instrumentation system (BLIS).
          {\it Bulletin American Meteorological Society}, {\bf 61}, 1002-1011.
    \item Xu, K.-M., 1991 :
          The coupling of cumulus convection with large-scale processes.
          Ph.D. thesis, Dept. of Atmos. Sci., UCLA, Los Angeles, CA90024,
          U.S.A., 250pp.
    \item Yanai, M., 1961 : 
          A detailed analysis of typhoon formation. 
          {\it J. Met. Soc. Japan}, {\bf 39}, 187-214.
    \item Zipser, E. J., 1969 : 
          The role of organized unsaturated convected downdrafts 
            in the structure and rapid decay 
            of an equatrial disturbance. 
          {\it J. Applied Met.}, {\bf 8}, 799-814.
    \item Zipser, E. J., 1977 : 
          Mesoscale and convective-scale downdrafts 
          as distinct components of squall-line circulation. 
          {\it Mon. Wea. Rev.}, {\bf 105}, 1568-1589
    \item Zipser, E. J., Meitin, R.J., LeMone, M.A., 1981 : 
          Mesoscale notion fields associated with a slowly moving GATE 
          convective band. 
          {\it J. Atmos. Sci.}, {\bf 38}, 1725-1750.
    \item ���� ҧ, 1982 : 
          ���ݳؤΥץ���ʡ���7��Ǯ�Ӥε���, 
          ���Ʋ����, 215pp.
  \end{description}
