# LaTeX2HTML 2002-2-1 (1.70)
# Associate images original text with physical files.


$key = q/(2N_{tr}+1)(N_{tr}+1);MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="141" HEIGHT="32" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img57.png"
 ALT="$ (2N_{tr}+1) (N_{tr}+1) $">|; 

$key = q/displaystyleDD{S}{z}<0;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="57" HEIGHT="52" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img300.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle \DD{S}{z} &lt; 0$">|; 

$key = q/p_s=hat{p_s}+Deltap_s;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="102" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img465.png"
 ALT="$ p_s = \hat{p_s} + \Delta p_s$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyle{calF}_varphi(varphi,lambda,sigma);MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="86" HEIGHT="32" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img167.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle {\cal F}_\varphi  (\varphi, \lambda, \sigma)$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyle=T_k-overline{T}_k,;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="81" HEIGHT="36" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img219.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle = T_k - \overline{T}_k,$">|; 

$key = q/tau_{S,i}(z);MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="48" HEIGHT="32" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img427.png"
 ALT="$ \tau_{S,i}(z)$">|; 

$key = q/dot{calA}_{dif};MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="37" HEIGHT="39" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img248.png"
 ALT="$ \dot{\cal A}_{dif} $">|; 

$key = q/i=1,2,cdots,I.quadj=1,2,cdots,J;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="221" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img68.png"
 ALT="$ i=1,2,\cdots,I. \quad j=1,2,\cdots,J$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyle=Dinv{acosvarphi}left{DP{{u_A}_{,k}}{lambda}+DP{({v_A}_{,k}cosvarphihi}right}-nabla^{2}_{sigma}(Phi_k+C_{p}hat{kappa}_koverline{T}_kpi+(;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="430" HEIGHT="55" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img213.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle = \Dinv{a \cos \varphi} \left\{ \DP{{u_A}_{,k}}{\lambda} + \DP{({...
...\} - \nabla^{2}_{\sigma} ( \Phi_k + C_{p} \hat{\kappa}_k \overline{T}_k \pi + ($">|; 

$key = q/Dvect{D}={D_{k}};MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="77" HEIGHT="32" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img259.png"
 ALT="$ \Dvect{D}=\{ D_{k} \}$">|; 

$key = q/displaystylenabla^{2}_{sigma};MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="26" HEIGHT="37" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img153.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle \nabla^{2}_{\sigma}$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyleDP{zeta}{t};MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="31" HEIGHT="52" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img107.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle \DP{\zeta}{t}  $">|; 

$key = q/A_{zeta};MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="23" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img3.png"
 ALT="$ A_{\zeta }$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyleequivT-overline{T},;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="68" HEIGHT="36" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img144.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle \equiv T - \overline{T},$">|; 

$key = q/r;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="12" HEIGHT="13" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img10.png"
 ALT="$ r$">|; 

$key = q/z=0;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="41" HEIGHT="13" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img11.png"
 ALT="$ z = 0$">|; 

$key = q/tau_i(z);MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="37" HEIGHT="32" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img442.png"
 ALT="$ \tau_i(z)$">|; 

$key = q/{displaystylew_jequivfrac{(2J-1)(1-sin^2varphi_j)}{left{JP_{J-1}(sinvarphi_j)right}^2}};MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="191" HEIGHT="59" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img65.png"
 ALT="$ {\displaystyle w_j \equiv
\frac{(2J-1)(1-\sin^2 \varphi_j)}
{\left\{J P_{J-1}(\sin \varphi_j)\right\}^2 } }$">|; 

$key = q/p^{*}_{0}=1.4times10^{11};MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="110" HEIGHT="34" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img501.png"
 ALT="$ p^{*}_{0} = 1.4 \times 10^{11}$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyleequivfrac{1}{2Deltat}left({calA}^{t+Deltat}-{calA}^{t-Deltat}right),;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="183" HEIGHT="50" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img288.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle \equiv \frac{1}{2 \Delta t} \left( {\cal A}^{t+\Delta t} - {\cal A}^{t-\Delta t} \right) ,$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyleDP{D}{t};MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="37" HEIGHT="52" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img109.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle \DP{D}{t}  $">|; 

$key = q/T^c_k=T^a_k,q^c_k=q^a_k;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="121" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img383.png"
 ALT="$ T^c_k = T^a_k, q^c_k = q^a_k$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyle(hat{p_s}+Deltap_s)q,;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="91" HEIGHT="32" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img469.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle (\hat{p_s} + \Delta p_s) q,$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyle{calD}(q)=-(-1)^{N_Dslash2}K_{HD}nabla^{N_D}q.;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="219" HEIGHT="38" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img195.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle {\cal D}(q) = - (-1)^{N_D/2} K_{HD} \nabla^{N_D} q .$">|; 

$key = q/{align*}{split}DP{q}{t}&=-Dinv{acosvarphi}left{DP{(uq)}{lambda}+DP{(vqcosvarphi)varphi}right}+qD&quad-dot{sigma}DP{q}{sigma}+S_{q}+{calD}(q).{split}{align*};AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="323" HEIGHT="84" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img113.png"
 ALT="\begin{align*}\begin{split}\DP{q}{t}  &amp;=  - \Dinv{a \cos \varphi} \left\{ \DP{...
...uad - \dot{\sigma} \DP{q}{\sigma} + S_{q} + {\cal D}(q). \end{split}\end{align*}">|; 

$key = q/displaystyleDeltap_s=ginthat{rho}Deltaqdhat{z}=-ginthat{rho}Deltaqfrac{dhat{p}}{-hat{rho}g}=intDeltaqdhat{p}=hat{p_s}intDeltaqdsigma;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="426" HEIGHT="52" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img451.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle \Delta p_s = g \int \hat{\rho} \Delta q d \hat{z}
= -g \int \hat{...
...}}{- \hat{\rho} g}
= \int \Delta q d \hat{p}
= \hat{p_s} \int \Delta q d \sigma$">|; 

$key = q/Jslash2;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="29" HEIGHT="32" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img89.png"
 ALT="$ J/2$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyleH=lambda-lambda_{subsolar}*frac{180}{pi};MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="170" HEIGHT="50" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img414.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle H = \lambda - \lambda_{subsolar} * \frac{180}{\pi}$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyleF_S(0)=sum_i^{N_S}a_i(1-alpha_g)(1-alpha_A)F_S^Iexp(-tau_{S,i}(0)seczeta),;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="376" HEIGHT="68" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img434.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle F_S(0) = \sum_i^{N_S} a_i (1-\alpha_g) (1-\alpha_A) F_S^I \exp ( - \tau_{S,i}(0)\sec \zeta ) ,$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyleDP{Dvect{T}}{t};MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="30" HEIGHT="52" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img263.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle \DP{\Dvect{T}}{t}$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyleq^a_{k+1}leftarrowq^a_{k+1}-frac{L}{C_p}DP{q^*}{T}frac{q^a_{k+1}-q^*(T^a_{k+1},p_{k+1})}{displaystyle1+frac{L}{C_p}DP{q^*}{T}},;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="320" HEIGHT="79" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img377.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle q^a_{k+1} \leftarrow q^a_{k+1} - \frac{L}{C_p} \DP{q^*}{T} \frac{...
...1} - q^*( T^a_{k+1},p_{k+1}) } {\displaystyle 1 + \frac{L}{C_p} \DP{q^*}{T} } ,$">|; 

$key = q/displaystylehat{T}_{k-1}+DeltaT_{k-1}-left(hat{T}_{k}+DeltaT_{k}right)+frac{L}{C_{k-1}-q^{*}(hat{T}_{k})-left.DP{q^{*}}{T}right|_{k}DeltaT_{k}right};MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="626" HEIGHT="64" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img337.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle \hat{T}_{k-1} + \Delta T_{k-1} - \left( \hat{T}_{k} + \Delta T_{k...
...{*} (\hat{T}_{k}) - \left. \DP{q^{*}}{T} \right\vert _{k} \Delta T_{k} \right\}$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyleT_{k-1}-T_{k}+frac{L}{C_p}left{q^{*}(T_{k-1},p_{k-1})-q^{*}(T_{k},p_C_p}frac{Deltap_{k-1slash2}}{p_{k-1slash2}}frac{T_{k-1}+T_{k}}{2}=0,;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="533" HEIGHT="55" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img310.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle T_{k-1} - T_{k} + \frac{L}{C_p} \left\{ q^{*} (T_{k-1}, p_{k-1}) ...
...\frac{R}{C_p} \frac{\Delta p_{k-1/2}}{p_{k-1/2}} \frac{T_{k-1} + T_{k}}{2} = 0,$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyle{calD}(D);MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="43" HEIGHT="32" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img159.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle {\cal D}(D)$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyle:qquad小規模運動過程(緯度方向),;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="234" HEIGHT="33" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img168.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle : \qquad 小規模運動過程 (緯度方向),$">|; 

$key = q/p_s;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="19" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img123.png"
 ALT="$ p_s$">|; 

$key = q/k_B;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="24" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img358.png"
 ALT="$ k_B$">|; 

$key = q/displaystylehspace{4em}=-S_{k-1slash2};MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="143" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img347.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle \hspace{4em} = - S_{k-1/2}$">|; 

$key = q/{align*}{split}DP{tilde{q}_n^m}{t}&=-frac{1}{I}sum_{i=1}^{I}sum_{j=1}^{J}imu_{ij}(lambda_i,varphi_j)w_j&quad+tilde{calD}_{H,n}^mtilde{q}_n^m.{split}{align*};AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="376" HEIGHT="204" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img241.png"
 ALT="\begin{align*}\begin{split}\DP{\tilde{q}_n^m}{t} &amp; = - \frac{1}{I} \sum_{i=1}^{I...
... w_j \ &amp; \quad + \tilde{\cal D}_{H,n}^m \tilde{q}_n^m . \end{split}\end{align*}">|; 

$key = q/displaystyle=hat{kappa}_{k}C_{p}overline{T}_{k},;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="81" HEIGHT="36" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img276.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle = \hat{\kappa}_{k} C_{p} \overline{T}_{k} ,$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyle=frac{1}{Deltasigma_{k}}(hat{overline{T}}_{k-1slash2}-overline{T}_{kgma_{k}}(overline{T}_{k}-hat{overline{T}}_{k+1slash2})delta_{k+1=l},;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="386" HEIGHT="50" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img280.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle = \frac{1}{\Delta \sigma_{k}} ( \hat{\overline{T}}_{k-1/2} - \ove...
... \sigma_{k}} ( \overline{T}_{k} - \hat{\overline{T}}_{k+1/2} ) \delta_{k+1=l} ,$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyleT_v(varphi,lambda,sigma);MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="82" HEIGHT="32" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img145.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle T_v (\varphi, \lambda, \sigma)$">|; 

$key = q/{align*}{split}DP{T}{t}&=-Dinv{acosvarphi}left{DP{(uT^{prime})}{lambda}+DP{(vT^{sigma}right)+frac{Q}{C_p}+{calD}(T)+{calD}^{prime}(Dvect{v}).{split}{align*};AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="541" HEIGHT="90" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img112.png"
 ALT="\begin{align*}\begin{split}\DP{T}{t}  &amp;=  - \Dinv{a \cos \varphi} \left\{ \DP{...
...ac{Q}{C_p} + {\cal D}(T) + {\cal D}^{\prime}(\Dvect{v}). \end{split}\end{align*}">|; 

$key = q/Y_n^m(lambda,varphi);MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="68" HEIGHT="32" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img39.png"
 ALT="$ Y_n^m(\lambda,\varphi)$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyle=q^{*}(hat{T}_{k},p_{k})+left.DP{q^{*}}{T}right|_{hat{T}_{k}}DeltaT_{k},;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="196" HEIGHT="54" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img315.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle = q^{*} (\hat{T}_{k},p_{k}) + \left. \DP{q^{*}}{T} \right\vert _{\hat{T}_{k}} \Delta T_{k},$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyledot{sigma}=0atsigma=0,1.;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="147" HEIGHT="31" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img187.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle \dot{\sigma} = 0    at   \sigma = 0 ,  1 .$">|; 

$key = q/displaystylehspace{2em}=-S_{k-1slash2}-left(1+gamma_{k-1}-kappafrac{Deltap_{k-1st)frac{1}{1+gamma_{k-1}}frac{L}{C_p}Deltahat{Q}frac{1}{Deltap_{k-1}};MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="469" HEIGHT="54" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img353.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle \hspace{2em} = - S_{k-1/2} - \left( 1 + \gamma_{k-1} - \kappa \fr...
...rac{1}{ 1 + \gamma_{k-1}} \frac{L}{C_p} \Delta \hat{Q} \frac{1}{\Delta p_{k-1}}$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyle=Dinv{acosvarphi}left{DP{{v_A}_{,k}}{lambda}-DP{({u_A}_{,k}cosvarphi)}{varphi}right}+{calD}(zeta_k),;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="318" HEIGHT="55" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img212.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle = \Dinv{a \cos \varphi} \left\{ \DP{{v_A}_{,k}}{\lambda} - \DP{({u_A}_{,k} \cos \varphi)}{\varphi} \right\} + {\cal D}(\zeta_k),$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyletilde{calD}_{M,n}^m=-K_{HD}left[left(frac{-n(n+1)}{a^{2}}right)^{N_Dslash2}-left(frac{2}{a}right)^{N_D}right].;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="348" HEIGHT="64" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img238.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle \tilde{\cal D}_{M,n}^m = - K_{HD} \left[ \left( \frac{-n(n+1)}{a^{2}} \right)^{N_D/2} - \left( \frac{2}{a} \right)^{N_D} \right] .$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyle=-sum_{k=1}^{K}(D_k+Dvect{v}_kcdotnablapi)Deltasigma_k,;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="198" HEIGHT="66" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img199.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle = - \sum_{k=1}^{K} ( D_k + \Dvect{v}_k \cdot \nabla \pi ) \Delta \sigma_k,$">|; 

$key = q/displaystylehat{T}_{k-1};MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="38" HEIGHT="38" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img482.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle \hat{T}_{k-1}$">|; 

$key = q/{align*}{split}hat{T}_{k-1slash2}&=frac{left[left(displaystylefrac{sigma_{k-1sla{sigma_{k-1}^{kappa}-sigma_k^{kappa}}&=a_kT_k+b_{k-1}T_{k-1},{split}{align*};AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="447" HEIGHT="99" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img225.png"
 ALT="\begin{align*}\begin{split}\hat{T}_{k-1/2} &amp; = \frac{ \left[ \left( \displaystyl...
... - \sigma_k^{\kappa} } \ &amp; = a_k T_k + b_{k-1} T_{k-1}, \end{split}\end{align*}">|; 

$key = q/displaystyleu_A(varphi,lambda,sigma);MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="84" HEIGHT="32" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img149.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle u_A (\varphi, \lambda, \sigma)$">|; 

$key = q/zeta;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="12" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img399.png"
 ALT="$ \zeta$">|; 

$key = q/{displaystylesin^{-1}left(cosfrac{j-1slash2}{J}piright)};MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="155" HEIGHT="54" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img22.png"
 ALT="$ {\displaystyle
\sin^{-1} \left( \cos \frac{j-1/2}{J}\pi \right)
}$">|; 

$key = q/(r,lambda,varphi);MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="57" HEIGHT="32" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img8.png"
 ALT="$ (r,\lambda,\varphi)$">|; 

$key = q/hat{q};MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="12" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img462.png"
 ALT="$ \hat{q}$">|; 

$key = q/zeta_0;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="18" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img423.png"
 ALT="$ \zeta_0$">|; 

$key = q/T^c_k,q^c_k;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="45" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img364.png"
 ALT="$ T^c_k, q^c_k$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyleZequiv-sum_{k=1}^{K}Dvect{v}_kcdotnablapi.;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="134" HEIGHT="66" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img235.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle Z \equiv - \sum_{k=1}^{K} \Dvect{v}_k \cdot \nabla \pi.$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyleDeltaq_{cond}=S^{cond}_{q}Deltat;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="130" HEIGHT="37" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img458.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle \Delta q_{cond}
= S^{cond}_{q} \Delta t$">|; 

$key = q/displaystylehspace{2em}+left(1+gamma_{k-1}-kappafrac{Deltap_{k-1slash2}}{2p_{k-1{1}{1+gamma_{k-1}}frac{L}{C_p}Deltahat{Q}frac{1}{Deltap_{k-1}}right);MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="582" HEIGHT="54" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img351.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle \hspace{2em} + \left( 1 + \gamma_{k-1} - \kappa \frac{\Delta p_{k...
...1 + \gamma_{k-1}} \frac{L}{C_p} \Delta \hat{Q} \frac{1}{\Delta p_{k-1}} \right)$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyleS_q(varphi,lambda,sigma);MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="82" HEIGHT="32" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img171.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle S_q  (\varphi, \lambda, \sigma)$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyle=;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="17" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img420.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle =$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyle:qquad放射,凝結,小規模運動過程等による加熱・温度変化,;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="401" HEIGHT="33" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img170.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle : \qquad 放射, 凝結, 小規模運動過程等による加熱・温度変化,$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyle:qquad温度水平拡散,;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="141" HEIGHT="33" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img162.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle : \qquad 温度水平拡散,$">|; 

$key = q/S;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="15" HEIGHT="14" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img299.png"
 ALT="$ S$">|; 

$key = q/nabla^{N_D};MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="38" HEIGHT="17" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img191.png"
 ALT="$ \nabla^{N_D}$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyleequivfrac{1}{2}left({calA}^{t+Deltat}+{calA}^{t-Deltat}right)={calA}^{t-Deltat}+delta_{t}{calA}Deltat.;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="290" HEIGHT="50" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img290.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle \equiv \frac{1}{2} \left( {\cal A}^{t+\Delta t} + {\cal A}^{t-\Delta t} \right) = {\cal A}^{t-\Delta t} + \delta_{t} {\cal A} \Delta t .$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyleequivgz:quadジオポテンシャル高度[mathrm{m}^{2}mathrm{s}^{-2}],;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="286" HEIGHT="37" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img138.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle \equiv gz : \quad ジオポテンシャル高度 [\mathrm{m}^{2} \mathrm{s}^{-2}],$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyleDeltahat{Q}equivleft{hat{q}_{k-1}-q^{*}(hat{T}_{k-1})right}Deltap_{k-1}+left{hat{q}_{k}-q^{*}(hat{T}_{k})right}Deltap_{k};MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="383" HEIGHT="45" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img333.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle \Delta \hat{Q} \equiv \left\{ \hat{q}_{k-1} - q^{*} (\hat{T}_{k-1...
...Delta p_{k-1} + \left\{ \hat{q}_{k} - q^{*} (\hat{T}_{k}) \right\} \Delta p_{k}$">|; 

$key = q/hat{calA}^{t+Deltat};MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="48" HEIGHT="19" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img250.png"
 ALT="$ \hat{\cal A}^{t+\Delta t} $">|; 

$key = q/{align*}{split}{u_A}_{,k}&=(zeta_k+f)v_k-frac{1}{2Deltasigma_k}[dot{sigma}_{k-1sT_{v,k}^{prime}}{acosvarphi}DP{pi}{lambda}+{calF}_{lambda,k},{split}{align*};AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="468" HEIGHT="86" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img215.png"
 ALT="\begin{align*}\begin{split}{u_A}_{,k} &amp; = ( \zeta_k + f ) v_k - \frac{1}{2 \Delt...
...\cos \varphi} \DP{\pi}{\lambda} + {\cal F}_{\lambda, k}, \end{split}\end{align*}">|; 

$key = q/displaystyleR_k=q_kD_k-frac{1}{2Deltasigma_k}left[dot{sigma}_{k-1slash2}(q_{k-1}-q_k)+dot{sigma}_{k+1slash2}(q_k-q_{k+1})right].;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="433" HEIGHT="50" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img232.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle R_k = q_k D_k - \frac{1}{2 \Delta \sigma_k} \left[ \dot{\sigma}_{k-1/2} ( q_{k-1} - q_k ) + \dot{\sigma}_{k+1/2} ( q_k - q_{k+1} ) \right].$">|; 

$key = q/Deltat;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="24" HEIGHT="14" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img242.png"
 ALT="$ \Delta t$">|; 

$key = q/r_S;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="21" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img398.png"
 ALT="$ r_S$">|; 

$key = q/{align*}{split}H_k&=T_{k}^{prime}D_{k}&quad-frac{1}{Deltasigma_{k}}[dot{sigma}_{{k}}{Deltasigma_{k}}T'_{v,k}sum_{l=k+1}^{K}D_lDeltasigma_{l}.{split}{align*};AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="421" HEIGHT="257" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img270.png"
 ALT="\begin{align*}\begin{split}H_k &amp; = T_{k}^{\prime} D_{k} \ &amp; \quad - \frac{1}{\D...
..._{k} } T'_{v,k} \sum_{l=k+1}^{K} D_l \Delta \sigma_{l} . \end{split}\end{align*}">|; 

$key = q/P_J(sinvarphi);MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="69" HEIGHT="32" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img16.png"
 ALT="$ P_J(\sin \varphi)$">|; 

$key = q/hat{T};MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="16" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img488.png"
 ALT="$ \hat{T}$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyle=1-left(frac{sigma_{k+1slash2}}{sigma_k}right)^{kappa}.;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="137" HEIGHT="56" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img210.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle = 1- \left( \frac{ \sigma_{k+1/2} } { \sigma_k } \right)^{\kappa} .$">|; 

$key = q/dot{calA}_{phy};MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="38" HEIGHT="39" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img249.png"
 ALT="$ \dot{\cal A}_{phy} $">|; 

$key = q/*;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="12" HEIGHT="15" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img90.png"
 ALT="$ *$">|; 

$key = q/A;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="16" HEIGHT="14" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img66.png"
 ALT="$ A$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyle:quad乾燥大気の気体定数[mathrm{Jkg}^{-1}mathrm{K}^{-1}],;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="266" HEIGHT="38" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img178.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle : \quad 乾燥大気の気体定数 [\mathrm{J kg}^{-1} \mathrm{K}^{-1}],$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyleleft(-1-gamma_{k}-frac{R}{C_p}frac{Deltap_{k-1slash2}}{2p_{k-1slash2}}right)DeltaT_{k};MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="220" HEIGHT="54" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img345.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle \left( - 1 - \gamma_{k} - \frac{R}{C_p} \frac{\Delta p_{k-1/2}}{2 p_{k-1/2}} \right) \Delta T_{k}$">|; 

$key = q/{calA};MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="17" HEIGHT="15" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img245.png"
 ALT="$ {\cal A}$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyle=sigma_{k-1slash2}Deltasigma_{l}-Deltasigma_{l}delta_{kleql},;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="175" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img282.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle = \sigma_{k-1/2} \Delta \sigma_{l} - \Delta \sigma_{l} \delta_{k \leq l } ,$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyleS_{k-1slash2}equivhat{T}_{k-1}-hat{T}_{k}+frac{L}{C_p}left{q^{*}(hatc{Deltap_{k-1slash2}}{p_{k-1slash2}}frac{hat{T}_{k-1}+hat{T}_{k}}{2};MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="510" HEIGHT="60" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img341.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle S_{k-1/2} \equiv \hat{T}_{k-1} - \hat{T}_{k} + \frac{L}{C_p} \lef...
...{C_p} \frac{\Delta p_{k-1/2}}{p_{k-1/2}} \frac{\hat{T}_{k-1} + \hat{T}_{k} }{2}$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyle(C_pT_{k}+Lq_{k})Deltap_{k}+(C_pT_{k-1}+Lq_{k-1})Deltap_{k-1}=(C_pha+Lhat{q}_{k})Deltap_{k}+(C_phat{T}_{k-1}+Lhat{q}_{k-1})Deltap_{k-1}.;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="653" HEIGHT="38" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img311.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle (C_p T_{k} + L q_{k}) \Delta p_{k} + (C_p T_{k-1} + L q_{k-1}) \D...
...at{q}_{k}) \Delta p_{k} + (C_p \hat{T}_{k-1} + L \hat{q}_{k-1}) \Delta p_{k-1}.$">|; 

$key = q/{align*}{split}DP{tilde{D}_n^m}{t}&=frac{1}{I}sum_{i=1}^{I}sum_{j=1}^{J}im(u_A)_}hat{kappa}_kbar{T}_kpi_n^m)+tilde{calD}_{M,n}^mtilde{D}_n^m.{split}{align*};AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="384" HEIGHT="214" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img237.png"
 ALT="\begin{align*}\begin{split}\DP{\tilde{D}_n^m}{t} &amp; = \frac{1}{I} \sum_{i=1}^{I} ...
...{T}_k \pi_n^m ) + \tilde{\cal D}_{M,n}^m \tilde{D}_n^m . \end{split}\end{align*}">|; 

$key = q/displaystyleequivsum_{m=-M}^{M}sum_{n=|m|}^{N}tilde{A}_n^mY_n^m(lambda,varphi);MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="195" HEIGHT="66" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img95.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle \equiv \sum_{m=-M}^{M} \sum_{n=\vert m\vert}^{N} \tilde{A}_n^m Y_n^m (\lambda, \varphi)$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyleDeltaq_{evap}=F_{evap}frac{g}{LDeltap}Deltat;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="165" HEIGHT="43" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img457.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle \Delta q_{evap}
= F_{evap} \frac{g}{L \Delta p} \Delta t$">|; 

$key = q/{picture}(300,150)(50,10)put(50,20){line(1,0){220}}put(50,40){line(1,0){220}}put){shortstack{{sigma=1{}}put(280,136){shortstack{{sigma=0{}}{picture};MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="464" HEIGHT="208" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img37.png"
 ALT="\begin{picture}(300,150)(50,10)
\put(50,20){\line(1,0){220}}
\put(50,40){\line...
...){\shortstack{$\sigma=1$}}
\put(280,136){\shortstack{$\sigma=0$}}
\end{picture}">|; 

$key = q/displaystyleQ_{kl};MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="28" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img279.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle Q_{kl}$">|; 

$key = q/{align*}{split}DP{T_k}{t}&=-Dinv{acosvarphi}left{DP{(u_kT^{prime}_k)}{lambda}+DPhat{H}_k&quad+frac{Q_k}{C_{p}}+{calD}(T_k)+{calD}'(Dvect{v}).{split}{align*};AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="355" HEIGHT="88" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img223.png"
 ALT="\begin{align*}\begin{split}\DP{T_k}{t} &amp; = - \Dinv{a \cos \varphi} \left\{ \DP{(...
...frac{Q_k}{C_{p}} + {\cal D}(T_k) + {\cal D}'(\Dvect{v}). \end{split}\end{align*}">|; 

$key = q/Y_n^m;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="29" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img70.png"
 ALT="$ Y_n^m$">|; 

$key = q/displaystylefrac{hat{p_{s}}sigma}{RT}hat{q}=frac{p_{s}sigma}{RT}q;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="98" HEIGHT="52" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img464.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle \frac{\hat{p_{s}} \sigma}{RT} \hat{q} = \frac{p_{s} \sigma}{RT} q$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyleleft[left(-1-gamma_{k}right)-kappafrac{Deltap_{k-1slash2}}{2p_{k-1sl}{1+gamma_{k-1}}frac{Deltap_{k}}{Deltap_{k-1}}right)right]DeltaT_{k};MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="558" HEIGHT="54" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img352.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle \left[ \left( - 1 - \gamma_{k} \right) - \kappa \frac{\Delta p_{k...
... \gamma_{k-1}} \frac{\Delta p_{k}}{\Delta p_{k-1}} \right) \right] \Delta T_{k}$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyleint_{-1}^1P_n^m(mu)P_{n'}^m(mu)dmu=2delta_{nn'};MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="200" HEIGHT="58" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img45.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle \int_{-1}^1 P_n^m(\mu) P_{n'}^m(\mu) d \mu = 2 \delta_{nn'}$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyleq^a_{k+1}>q^*(T^a_{k+1},p_{k+1});MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="156" HEIGHT="32" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img375.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle q^a_{k+1} &gt; q^*( T^a_{k+1}, p_{k+1} )$">|; 

$key = q/displaystylehspace{-7em}=-left[DeltaT_{k}+frac{L}{C_p}left{q^{*}(T_{k})+left.DP{q^{*}}{T}right|_{k}DeltaT_{k}-hat{q}_{k}right}right]Deltap_{k},;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="359" HEIGHT="56" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img327.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle \hspace{-7em} = - \left[ \Delta T_{k} + \frac{L}{C_p} \left\{ q^{...
...}{T} \right\vert _{k} \Delta T_{k} - \hat{q}_{k} \right\} \right] \Delta p_{k},$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyleequivDD{sigma}{t}equivDP{sigma}{t}+frac{u}{acosvarphi}DP{sigma}{lambda}+frac{v}{a}DP{sigma}{varphi}+DP{sigma}{sigma},;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="295" HEIGHT="52" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img140.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle \equiv \DD{\sigma}{t}  \equiv  \DP{\sigma}{t} + \frac{u}{a \cos...
... \DP{\sigma}{\lambda} + \frac{v}{a} \DP{\sigma}{\varphi} + \DP{\sigma}{\sigma},$">|; 

$key = q/displaystylesigma;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="14" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img118.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle \sigma$">|; 

$key = q/2Deltat;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="31" HEIGHT="14" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img243.png"
 ALT="$ 2 \Delta t$">|; 

$key = q/L;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="15" HEIGHT="14" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img302.png"
 ALT="$ L$">|; 

$key = q/alpha_A;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="24" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img425.png"
 ALT="$ \alpha_A$">|; 

$key = q/sigma=0;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="43" HEIGHT="13" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img29.png"
 ALT="$ \sigma=0$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyleoverline{coszeta}simeqA_{zeta}+B_{zeta}cos^2varphi.;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="164" HEIGHT="38" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img406.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle \overline{\cos \zeta} \simeq A_{\zeta} + B_{\zeta} \cos^2 \varphi .$">|; 

$key = q/F_{evap}simLC(q^{*}-q_s)rho_s;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="162" HEIGHT="32" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img454.png"
 ALT="$ F_{evap} \sim L C (q^{*} - q_s) \rho_s$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyleDP{tilde{pi}_n^m}{t};MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="40" HEIGHT="52" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img233.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle \DP{\tilde{\pi}_n^m}{t}$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyle:quad水平平均気温[mathrm{K}],;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="151" HEIGHT="33" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img142.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle : \quad 水平平均気温 [\mathrm{K}],$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyleqquad-frac{R}{C_p}frac{Deltap_{k-1slash2}}{p_{k-1slash2}}frac{hat{T}_{k-1}+DeltaT_{k-1}+hat{T}_{k}+DeltaT_{k}}{2}=0,;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="357" HEIGHT="60" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img338.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle \qquad - \frac{R}{C_p} \frac{\Delta p_{k-1/2}}{p_{k-1/2}} \frac{\hat{T}_{k-1} + \Delta T_{k-1} + \hat{T}_{k} + \Delta T_{k}}{2} = 0,$">|; 

$key = q/{calT}^f(z_1,z_2);MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="74" HEIGHT="35" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img438.png"
 ALT="$ {\cal T}^f(z_1,z_2)$">|; 

$key = q/M=N_{tr},N(m)=N_{tr}+|m|;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="208" HEIGHT="32" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img55.png"
 ALT="$ M= N_{tr},  N(m) =N_{tr}+\vert m\vert$">|; 

$key = q/displaystylehat{hat{T}}_{k+1};MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="37" HEIGHT="48" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img491.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle \hat{\hat{T}}_{k+1}$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyleI=sum_{k=k_B}^{k_T}(hat{q}_k-bar{q}_k^{t-Deltat})frac{Deltap_k}{g}.;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="189" HEIGHT="67" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img363.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle I = \sum_{k=k_B}^{k_T} ( \hat{q}_k - \bar{q}_k^{t-\Delta t} ) \frac{\Delta p_k}{g} .$">|; 

$key = q/R;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="16" HEIGHT="14" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img33.png"
 ALT="$ R$">|; 

$key = q/N_D;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="29" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img196.png"
 ALT="$ N_D$">|; 

$key = q/{align*}{split}Deltasigma_k&equivsigma_{k-1slash2}-sigma_{k+1slash2},qquad(1<k<Ksigma_{K+1slash2}&equivsigma_{K}-sigma_{K+1slash2}=sigma_{K}.{split}{align*};AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="319" HEIGHT="88" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img36.png"
 ALT="\begin{align*}\begin{split}\Delta \sigma_k &amp;\equiv \sigma_{k-1/2} - \sigma_{k+1/...
...K+1/2} &amp;\equiv \sigma_{K} - \sigma_{K+1/2} = \sigma_{K}. \end{split}\end{align*}">|; 

$key = q/k_{S,i};MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="29" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img429.png"
 ALT="$ k_{S,i}$">|; 

$key = q/S_0;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="21" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img397.png"
 ALT="$ S_0$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyle=frac{displaystyle-S_{k-1slash2}-left(1+gamma_{k-1}-kappafrac{Deltaprac{1+gamma_{k}}{1+gamma_{k-1}}frac{Deltap_{k}}{Deltap_{k-1}}right)};MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="529" HEIGHT="100" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img354.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle = \frac{ \displaystyle - S_{k-1/2} - \left( 1 + \gamma_{k-1} - \k...
...+ \gamma_{k} }{ 1 + \gamma_{k-1}} \frac{\Delta p_{k}}{\Delta p_{k-1}} \right) }$">|; 

$key = q/^{-2};MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="22" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img506.png"
 ALT="$ ^{-2}$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyleleft.-alpha_g(1-alpha_A)F_S^Iexpleft(-tau_{S,i}(0)seczetaright)expleft(-(tau_{S,i}(0)-tau_i(z))seczeta_0right)right];MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="458" HEIGHT="38" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img422.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle \left. - \alpha_g (1-\alpha_A) F_S^I
\exp \left( - \tau_{S,i}(0) ...
... \right)
\exp \left( - ( \tau_{S,i}(0)-\tau_i(z) ) \sec \zeta_0 \right)
\right]$">|; 

$key = q/(T^a_k,q^a_k);MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="59" HEIGHT="32" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img370.png"
 ALT="$ (T^a_k, q^a_k)$">|; 

$key = q/B_{ins};MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="36" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img2.png"
 ALT="$ B_{ins}$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyle=-sum_{k=1}^{K}(tilde{D}_n^m)_kDeltasigma_k+frac{1}{I}sum_{i=1}^{I}sum_{j=1}^{J}Z_{ij}Y_n^{m*}(lambda_i,mu_j)w_j.;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="347" HEIGHT="66" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img234.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle = - \sum_{k=1}^{K} (\tilde{D}_n^m)_k \Delta \sigma_k + \frac{1}{I} \sum_{i=1}^{I} \sum_{j=1}^{J} Z_{ij} Y_n^{m *} ( \lambda_i, \mu_j ) w_j.$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyledot{sigma}_{k-1slash2};MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="51" HEIGHT="31" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img200.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle \dot{\sigma}_{k-1/2}$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyle{calD}(q);MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="37" HEIGHT="32" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img163.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle {\cal D}(q)$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyleT^{prime}(varphi,lambda,sigma);MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="81" HEIGHT="35" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img143.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle T^{\prime} (\varphi, \lambda, \sigma)$">|; 

$key = q/z=z_1,z_2;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="69" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img439.png"
 ALT="$ z=z_1,z_2$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyleT=hat{T}+frac{L}{C_p}frac{hat{q}-q^*(hat{T},p)}{displaystyle1+frac{L}{C_p}DP{q^*}{T}};MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="176" HEIGHT="79" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img392.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle T = \hat{T} + \frac{L}{C_p} \frac{ \hat{q} - q^*(\hat{T},p) } {\displaystyle 1 + \frac{L}{C_p} \DP{q^*}{T} }$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyle=left(DP{Dvect{T}}{t}right)_{rmNG}-underline{h}Dvect{D}+{calD}_HDvect{T}.;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="196" HEIGHT="54" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img264.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle = \left( \DP{\Dvect{T}}{t} \right)_{\rm NG} - \underline{h} \Dvect{D} + {\cal D}_H \Dvect{T} .$">|; 

$key = q/DeltaT_{k-1};MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="51" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img321.png"
 ALT="$ \Delta T_{k-1}$">|; 

$key = q/P_n^m(sinvarphi);MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="73" HEIGHT="32" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img43.png"
 ALT="$ P_n^m(\sin \varphi)$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyleP=frac{Deltap}{g}(hat{q}-q).;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="115" HEIGHT="53" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img394.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle P = \frac{\Delta p}{g} ( \hat{q} - q ) .$">|; 

$key = q/p(varphi,lambda,z);MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="72" HEIGHT="32" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img12.png"
 ALT="$ p (\varphi, \lambda, z)$">|; 

$key = q/displaystylehat{rho}hat{q}=rhoq,;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="61" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img461.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle \hat{\rho} \hat{q} = \rho q,$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyleDeltaT_{k};MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="34" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img317.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle \Delta T_{k}$">|; 

$key = q/A_{i,j}-A_{i,J-j};MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="95" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img87.png"
 ALT="$ A_{i,j}-A_{i,J-j}$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyle{calD}'(Dvect{v});MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="48" HEIGHT="35" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img173.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle {\cal D}'  (\Dvect{v})$">|; 

$key = q/{align*}{split}Phi_k-Phi_{k-1}&=C_{p}left[left(frac{sigma_{k-1slash2}}{sigma_k}right]T_{v,k-1}&=C_{p}alpha_kT_{v,k}+C_{p}beta_{k-1}T_{v,k-1}.{split}{align*};AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="484" HEIGHT="76" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img206.png"
 ALT="\begin{align*}\begin{split}\Phi_k - \Phi_{k-1} &amp; = C_{p} \left[ \left( \frac{ \s...
... = C_{p} \alpha_k T_{v,k} + C_{p} \beta_{k-1} T_{v,k-1}. \end{split}\end{align*}">|; 

$key = q/F_S^I;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="24" HEIGHT="35" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img396.png"
 ALT="$ F_S^I$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyle{calD}(T);MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="40" HEIGHT="32" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img161.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle {\cal D}(T)$">|; 

$key = q/bar{calA};MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="17" HEIGHT="17" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img256.png"
 ALT="$ \bar{\cal A}$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyledelta_{t}{calA};MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="29" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img287.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle \delta_{t} {\cal A}$">|; 

$key = q/displaystylesum^{KMAX}_{k=1}c_vDeltaT_{k}Deltap_{k}=sum^{KMAX}_{k=1}c_vS_{grst}(T_{Bk}-T_{k})(p_sDeltasigma_{k});MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="379" HEIGHT="66" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img478.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle \sum^{KMAX}_{k=1} c_v \Delta T_{k} \Delta p_{k}
= \sum^{KMAX}_{k=1} c_v S_{grst} (T_{Bk} - T_{k}) (p_s \Delta \sigma_{k})$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyleequivpslashp_s,;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="56" HEIGHT="32" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img119.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle \equiv p/p_s,$">|; 

$key = q/displaystylehat{T}_{k}=T_{k}+S_{grst}(T_{Bk}-T_{k})-frac{sum^{KMAX}_{k=1}S_{grst}(T_{Bk}-T_{k})Deltap_{k}}{sum^{KMAX}_{k=1}Deltap_{k}};MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="419" HEIGHT="61" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img480.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle \hat{T}_{k}
= T_{k} + S_{grst} (T_{Bk} - T_{k})
- \frac{
\sum^{KM...
...k=1} S_{grst} (T_{Bk} - T_{k}) \Delta p_{k}
}{
\sum^{KMAX}_{k=1} \Delta p_{k}
}$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyleequiv(zeta+f)v-dot{sigma}DP{u}{sigma}-frac{RT_v^{prime}}{acosvarphi}DP{pi}{lambda}+{calF}_{lambda},;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="268" HEIGHT="55" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img150.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle \equiv ( \zeta + f ) v - \dot{\sigma} \DP{u}{\sigma} - \frac{R T_v^{\prime}}{a \cos \varphi} \DP{\pi}{\lambda} + {\cal F}_{\lambda},$">|; 

$key = q/Deltap_s;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="32" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img449.png"
 ALT="$ \Delta p_s$">|; 

$key = q/P_n^0;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="24" HEIGHT="34" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img46.png"
 ALT="$ P_n^0$">|; 

$key = q/displaystylehat{T}_{k+1};MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="38" HEIGHT="38" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img486.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle \hat{T}_{k+1}$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyledot{sigma}=-sigmaDP{pi}{t}-int_{0}^{sigma}Ddsigma-int_{0}^{sigma}Dvect{v}_{H}cdotnabla_{sigma}pidsigma,;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="292" HEIGHT="53" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img190.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle \dot{\sigma} = - \sigma \DP{\pi}{t} - \int_{0}^{\sigma} D d \sigma - \int_{0}^{\sigma} \Dvect{v}_{H} \cdot \nabla_{\sigma} \pi d \sigma ,$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyleleft(DP{f}{varphi}right)_{ij};MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="64" HEIGHT="54" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img100.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle \left(\DP{f}{\varphi}\right)_{ij}$">|; 

$key = q/H;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="18" HEIGHT="14" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img403.png"
 ALT="$ H$">|; 

$key = q/C_v;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="23" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img508.png"
 ALT="$ C_v$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyleleft(DP{pi}{t}right)^{rmNG}=-sum_{k=1}^{K}Dvect{v}_{k}cdotnablapiDeltasigma_{k}=Z_{k},;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="259" HEIGHT="66" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img265.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle \left( \DP{\pi}{t} \right)^{\rm NG} = - \sum_{k=1}^{K} \Dvect{v}_{k} \cdot \nabla \pi \Delta \sigma_{k} = Z_{k} ,$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyleleft(DP{D}{t}right)^{rmNG}=Dinv{acosvarphi}left{DP{{u_A}_{,k}}{lambda}+DP{({v_A}_{,k}cosvarphi)}{varphi}right}-nabla^{2}_{sigma}(;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="377" HEIGHT="63" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img267.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle \left( \DP{D}{t} \right)^{\rm NG} = \Dinv{a \cos \varphi} \left\{...
...bda} + \DP{({v_A}_{,k} \cos \varphi)}{\varphi} \right\} - \nabla^{2}_{\sigma} ($">|; 

$key = q/k+2;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="40" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img495.png"
 ALT="$ k+2$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyle:qquad小規模運動過程(経度方向),;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="234" HEIGHT="33" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img166.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle : \qquad 小規模運動過程 (経度方向),$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyle:qquad発散水平拡散,;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="141" HEIGHT="33" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img160.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle : \qquad 発散水平拡散,$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyle)_k;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="18" HEIGHT="32" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img221.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle )_k$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyleequivRslashC_p,;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="65" HEIGHT="32" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img184.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle \equiv R/C_p,$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyleP=(1-b)I.;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="97" HEIGHT="32" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img387.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle P = (1-b) I .$">|; 

$key = q/displaystylelangle;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="10" HEIGHT="32" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img367.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle \langle$">|; 

$key = q/k_{R,i};MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="32" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img444.png"
 ALT="$ k_{R,i}$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyleDeltap_s=F_{evap}frac{g}{L}Deltat+hat{p_s}intS^{cond}_{q}Deltatdsigma;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="255" HEIGHT="53" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img460.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle \Delta p_s = F_{evap} \frac{g}{L} \Delta t + \hat{p_s} \int S^{cond}_{q} \Delta t d \sigma$">|; 

$key = q/displaystylesum_{j=1}^{J}P_n^m(mu_j)P_{n'}^m(mu_j)w_j;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="155" HEIGHT="66" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img60.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle \sum_{j=1}^{J} P_n^m (\mu_j) P_{n'}^m (\mu_j) w_j$">|; 

$key = q/I;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="12" HEIGHT="14" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img15.png"
 ALT="$ I$">|; 

$key = q/q^c_k=q^*(T^c_k,p_k);MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="109" HEIGHT="32" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img384.png"
 ALT="$ q^c_k = q^*( T^c_k, p_k ) $">|; 

$key = q/displaystyleoverline{F_S^I}(varphi)simeq-S_0(1-mathcal{A})(A_{ins}+B_{ins}cos^2varphi);MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="288" HEIGHT="42" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img408.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle \overline{F_S^I} (\varphi) \simeq - S_0 (1 - \mathcal{A})( A_{ins} + B_{ins} \cos^2 \varphi )$">|; 

$key = q/displaystylea;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="12" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img175.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle a$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyle=Idelta_{mm'}.;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="68" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img63.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle = I \delta_{mm'}.$">|; 

$key = q/displaystylepi(varphi,lambda);MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="59" HEIGHT="32" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img124.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle \pi (\varphi, \lambda)$">|; 

$key = q/P_J(mu);MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="45" HEIGHT="32" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img19.png"
 ALT="$ P_J (\mu)$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyle=Dinv{acosvarphi}left{DP{u_A}{lambda}+DP{(v_Acosvarphi)}{varphi}right}-nabla^{2}_{sigma}(Phi+Roverline{T}pi+;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="361" HEIGHT="54" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img110.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle =  \Dinv{a \cos \varphi} \left\{ \DP{u_A}{\lambda} + \DP{(v_A \cos \varphi)}{\varphi} \right\} - \nabla^{2}_{\sigma} ( \Phi + R \overline{T} \pi +$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyletau_{R,i}(z)=int_z^inftyk_{R,i}rhoqdz+int_z^inftybar{k}_{R,i}rhodz;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="266" HEIGHT="53" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img443.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle \tau_{R,i}(z) = \int_z^\infty k_{R,i} \rho q dz + \int_z^\infty \bar{k}_{R,i} \rho dz$">|; 

$key = q/F_S;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="24" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img418.png"
 ALT="$ F_S$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyleequivsum_{m=-M}^{M}sum_{n=|m|}^{N}tilde{A}_n^mY_n^m(lambda_i,varphi_j),;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="212" HEIGHT="66" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img74.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle \equiv \sum_{m=-M}^{M} \sum_{n=\vert m\vert}^{N} \tilde{A}_n^m Y_n^m (\lambda_i,\varphi_j),$">|; 

$key = q/i;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="10" HEIGHT="17" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img430.png"
 ALT="$ i$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyleq_k=bar{q}_k^{t-Deltat}+bIfrac{(q^c_k-q_k)}{displaystylesum_{k=k_B}^{k_T}(q^c_k-q_k)frac{Deltap_k}{g}};MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="244" HEIGHT="108" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img361.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle q_k = \bar{q}_k^{t-\Delta t} + b I \frac{( q^c_k - q_k )} {\displaystyle \sum_{k=k_B}^{k_T} ( q^c_k - q_k ) \frac{\Delta p_k}{g} }$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyleDeltaT_{k-1}-DeltaT_{k}+gamma_{k-1}DeltaT_{k-1}-gamma_{k}DeltaT_{k}-p}frac{Deltap_{k-1slash2}}{2p_{k-1slash2}}DeltaT_{k}=-S_{k-1slash2},;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="633" HEIGHT="54" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img343.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle \Delta T_{k-1} - \Delta T_{k} + \gamma_{k-1} \Delta T_{k-1} - \ga...
... \frac{R}{C_p} \frac{\Delta p_{k-1/2}}{2 p_{k-1/2}} \Delta T_{k} = - S_{k-1/2},$">|; 

$key = q/displaystylenabla^{2}_{sigma}=-frac{n(n+1)}{a^{2}};MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="122" HEIGHT="55" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img295.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle \nabla^{2}_{\sigma} = - \frac{n(n+1)}{a^{2}}$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyledelta_{t}Dvect{D}=left(DP{Dvect{D}}{t}right)_{rmNG}-nabla^{2}_{sigmaine{pi}^{t})+{calD}_M(Dvect{D}^{t-Deltat}+2Deltatdelta_{t}Dvect{D}),;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="490" HEIGHT="54" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img292.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle \delta_{t} \Dvect{D} = \left( \DP{\Dvect{D}}{t} \right)_{\rm NG} ...
...} ) + {\cal D}_M ( \Dvect{D}^{t-\Delta t} + 2 \Delta t \delta_{t} \Dvect{D} ) ,$">|; 

$key = q/times10^{-8};MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="49" HEIGHT="34" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img515.png"
 ALT="$ \times 10^{-8}$">|; 

$key = q/^{-1};MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="21" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img507.png"
 ALT="$ ^{-1}$">|; 

$key = q/-1<mu<1;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="84" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img21.png"
 ALT="$ -1 &lt; \mu &lt; 1$">|; 

$key = q/A_{ij};MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="27" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img81.png"
 ALT="$ A_{ij}$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyleleft{1+frac{L}{C_p}left.DP{q^{*}}{T}right|_{k-1}right}DeltaT_{k-1}De}left{q^{*}(hat{T}_{k-1})-hat{q}_{k-1}right}Deltap_{k-1}hspace{-7em};MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="460" HEIGHT="66" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img328.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle \left\{ 1+ \frac{L}{C_p} \left. \DP{q^{*}}{T} \right\vert _{k-1} ...
...\{ q^{*} (\hat{T}_{k-1} ) - \hat{q}_{k-1} \right\} \Delta p_{k-1} \hspace{-7em}$">|; 

$key = q/a_i;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="18" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img433.png"
 ALT="$ a_i$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyleC_pT+Lq=C_phat{T}+Lhat{q};MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="161" HEIGHT="38" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img391.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle C_p T + L q = C_p \hat{T} + L \hat{q}$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyleoverline{calA}^{t};MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="22" HEIGHT="42" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img289.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle \overline{\cal A}^{t}$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyleDP{Phi}{sigma}=-frac{RT_v}{sigma}.;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="101" HEIGHT="52" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img106.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle \DP{\Phi}{\sigma} = - \frac{RT_v}{\sigma}.$">|; 

$key = q/hat{T},hat{q};MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="30" HEIGHT="38" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img389.png"
 ALT="$ \hat{T}, \hat{q}$">|; 

$key = q/Deltaq_{evap};MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="51" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img455.png"
 ALT="$ \Delta q_{evap}$">|; 

$key = q/B_{zeta};MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="24" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img4.png"
 ALT="$ B_{\zeta }$">|; 

$key = q/J;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="15" HEIGHT="14" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img14.png"
 ALT="$ J$">|; 

$key = q/j;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="12" HEIGHT="29" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img88.png"
 ALT="$ j$">|; 

$key = q/p_s(varphi,lambda);MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="58" HEIGHT="32" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img9.png"
 ALT="$ p_s (\varphi, \lambda)$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyle=-Dinv{acosvarphi}left{DP{(u_kq_k)}{lambda}+DP{(v_kq_kcosvarphi)}{varphi}right}+R_k+S_{q,k}+{calD}(q_k).;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="431" HEIGHT="54" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img231.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle = - \Dinv{a \cos \varphi} \left\{ \DP{(u_k q_k)}{\lambda} + \DP{(v_k q_k \cos \varphi)}{\varphi} \right\} + R_k + S_{q,k} + {\cal D}(q_k).$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyle%T_{v,k};MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="32" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img218.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle %
T_{v,k}$">|; 

$key = q/qll1;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="45" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img314.png"
 ALT="$ q \ll 1$">|; 

$key = q/displaystylekappa;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="13" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img183.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle \kappa$">|; 

$key = q/k;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="13" HEIGHT="14" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img369.png"
 ALT="$ k$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyle=Dinv{acosvarphi}left{DP{v_A}{lambda}-DP{(u_Acosvarphi)}{varphi}right}+{calD}(zeta),;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="294" HEIGHT="54" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img108.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle =  \Dinv{a \cos \varphi} \left\{ \DP{v_A}{\lambda} - \DP{(u_A \cos \varphi)}{\varphi} \right\} + {\cal D}(\zeta),$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyle:qquad比湿水平拡散,;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="141" HEIGHT="33" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img164.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle : \qquad 比湿水平拡散,$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyle=left{{array}{ll}{displaystylefrac{1}{I}sum_{i=1}^{I}sum_{j=1}^{J}}Aij}Y_n^{m*}(lambda_i,varphi_j)w_j,&1lemleM,quadmlenleN.{array}right.;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="464" HEIGHT="119" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img92.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle = \left\{ \begin{array}{ll} {\displaystyle \frac{1}{I} \sum_{i=1}...
...varphi_j) w_j , &amp;    1 \le m \le M, \quad m \le n \le N. \end{array} \right.$">|; 

$key = q/N_R;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="27" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img435.png"
 ALT="$ N_R$">|; 

$key = q/displaystylef;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="13" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img181.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle f$">|; 

$key = q/k+1;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="40" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img371.png"
 ALT="$ k+1$">|; 

$key = q/F_R;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img436.png"
 ALT="$ F_R$">|; 

$key = q/T^a_1=hat{T}_1,q^a_1=hat{q}_1;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="119" HEIGHT="38" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img378.png"
 ALT="$ T^a_1=\hat{T}_1, q^a_1=\hat{q}_1 $">|; 

$key = q/A(lambda,varphi);MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="55" HEIGHT="32" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img93.png"
 ALT="$ A(\lambda,\varphi)$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyleequivDinv{acosvarphi}left{DP{v}{lambda}-DP{(ucosvarphi)}{varphi}right}:quad渦度[mathrm{s}^{-1}],;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="312" HEIGHT="54" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img131.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle \equiv \Dinv{a \cos \varphi} \left\{ \DP{v}{\lambda} - \DP{(u \cos \varphi)}{\varphi} \right\} : \quad 渦度 [\mathrm{s}^{-1}],$">|; 

$key = q/R_v;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="23" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img509.png"
 ALT="$ R_v$">|; 

$key = q/displaystylesum^{KMAX}_{k=1}DeltaT_{k}Deltap_{k}=0;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="141" HEIGHT="66" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img479.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle \sum^{KMAX}_{k=1} \Delta T_{k} \Delta p_{k} = 0$">|; 

$key = q/sinvarphi=mu;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="67" HEIGHT="31" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img23.png"
 ALT="$ \sin \varphi = \mu$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyle{calT}^f(z_1,z_2)=sum_{i=1}^{N_R}b_iexpleft(-delta_R|tau_{R,i}(z_1)-tau_{R,i}(z_2)|right);MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="338" HEIGHT="68" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img441.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle {\cal T}^f(z_1,z_2) = \sum_{i=1}^{N_R} b_i \exp \left( - \delta_R \vert \tau_{R,i}(z_1) - \tau_{R,i}(z_2) \vert \right)$">|; 

$key = q/displaystylehat{q}>q^*(hat{T},p);MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="87" HEIGHT="38" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img388.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle \hat{q} &gt; q^*(\hat{T},p)$">|; 

$key = q/displaystylePhi;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="15" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img137.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle \Phi$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyledelta_{t}Dvect{T}=left(DP{Dvect{T}}{t}right)_{rmNG}-underline{h}overvect{D}}^{t}+{calD}_H(Dvect{T}^{t-Deltat}+2Deltatdelta_{t}Dvect{T}).;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="346" HEIGHT="54" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img293.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle \delta_{t} \Dvect{T} = \left( \DP{\Dvect{T}}{t} \right)_{\rm NG} ...
...{t} + {\cal D}_H ( \Dvect{T}^{t-\Delta t} + 2 \Delta t \delta_{t} \Dvect{T} ) .$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyleb_k;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="19" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img228.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle b_k$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyleDP{zeta_k}{t};MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="33" HEIGHT="52" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img211.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle \DP{\zeta_k}{t}$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyleW_{kl};MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="31" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img273.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle W_{kl}$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyledot{sigma}^{rmNG}_{k-1slash2}=-sigma_{k-1slash2}left(DP{pi}{t}right)^{rmNG}-sum_{l=k}^{K}Dvect{v}_{l}cdotnablapiDeltasigma_{l},;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="326" HEIGHT="66" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img266.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle \dot{\sigma}^{\rm NG}_{k-1/2} = - \sigma_{k-1/2} \left( \DP{\pi}{...
...t)^{\rm NG} - \sum_{l=k}^{K} \Dvect{v}_{l} \cdot \nabla \pi \Delta \sigma_{l} ,$">|; 

$key = q/n-m;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="47" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img79.png"
 ALT="$ n-m$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyle=left(frac{sigma_{k-1slash2}}{sigma_k}right)^{kappa}-1,;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="135" HEIGHT="56" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img208.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle = \left( \frac{ \sigma_{k-1/2} } { \sigma_k } \right)^{\kappa} -1 ,$">|; 

$key = q/displaystylev_A(varphi,lambda,sigma);MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="83" HEIGHT="32" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img151.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle v_A (\varphi, \lambda, \sigma)$">|; 

$key = q/displaystylehat{T}_{k+1}+S_{grst}(T_{Bk+1}-hat{T}_{k+1})-frac{sum^{k+2}_{k=k}S_{grst}(T_{Bk}-hat{T}_{k})Deltap_{k}}{sum^{k+2}_{k=k}Deltap_{k}},;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="411" HEIGHT="63" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img492.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle \hat{T}_{k+1} + S_{grst} (T_{Bk+1} - \hat{T}_{k+1})
- \frac{
\sum...
..._{grst} (T_{Bk} - \hat{T}_{k}) \Delta p_{k}
}{
\sum^{k+2}_{k=k} \Delta p_{k}
},$">|; 

$key = q/N;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="18" HEIGHT="14" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img49.png"
 ALT="$ N$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyleoverline{T}(sigma);MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="43" HEIGHT="36" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img141.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle \overline{T} (\sigma)$">|; 

$key = q/displaystylefrac{(hat{p_s}+Deltap_s)sigma}{RT}q,;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="104" HEIGHT="55" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img467.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle \frac{(\hat{p_s} + \Delta p_s) \sigma}{RT} q,$">|; 

$key = q/q;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="12" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img448.png"
 ALT="$ q$">|; 

$key = q/bar{k}_{S,i};MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="29" HEIGHT="36" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img431.png"
 ALT="$ \bar{k}_{S,i}$">|; 

$key = q/Dvect{T}={T_{k}};MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="71" HEIGHT="32" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img260.png"
 ALT="$ \Dvect{T}=\{ T_{k} \}$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyle:quad気温[mathrm{K}],;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="89" HEIGHT="33" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img127.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle : \quad 気温 [\mathrm{K}],$">|; 

$key = q/A_{ij}^{odd};MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="36" HEIGHT="35" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img83.png"
 ALT="$ A_{ij}^{odd}$">|; 

$key = q/sigma=1;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="43" HEIGHT="13" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img27.png"
 ALT="$ \sigma=1$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyleT(varphi,lambda,sigma);MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="77" HEIGHT="32" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img126.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle T (\varphi, \lambda, \sigma)$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyleequiv-(zeta+f)u-dot{sigma}DP{v}{sigma}-frac{RT_v^{prime}}{a}DP{pi}{varphi}+{calF}_{varphi},;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="266" HEIGHT="55" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img152.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle \equiv - ( \zeta + f ) u - \dot{\sigma} \DP{v}{\sigma} - \frac{R T_v^{\prime}}{a} \DP{\pi}{\varphi} + {\cal F}_{\varphi},$">|; 

$key = q/displaystylehat{p_{s}}hat{q};MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="27" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img468.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle \hat{p_{s}} \hat{q}$">|; 

$key = q/m,n;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="34" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img41.png"
 ALT="$ m,n$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyleR_{kl};MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="28" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img283.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle R_{kl}$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyle:quad水蒸気分子量比.;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="141" HEIGHT="33" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img186.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle : \quad 水蒸気分子量比.$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyle%(;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="11" HEIGHT="32" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img220.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle %
($">|; 

$key = q/displaystyledot{sigma};MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="13" HEIGHT="31" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img139.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle \dot{\sigma}$">|; 

$key = q/S^{cond}_{q};MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="42" HEIGHT="35" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img459.png"
 ALT="$ S^{cond}_{q}$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyleF_S(z);MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="44" HEIGHT="32" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img419.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle F_S(z)$">|; 

$key = q/times10^6;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="40" HEIGHT="34" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img504.png"
 ALT="$ \times 10^6$">|; 

$key = q/mathcal{A};MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="17" HEIGHT="15" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img407.png"
 ALT="$ \mathcal{A}$">|; 

$key = q/displaystylehspace{3em}=-left(1+gamma_{k}right)DeltaT_{k}Deltap_{k}+frac{L}{C_p}Deltap_{k-1}+left{hat{q}_{k}-q^{*}(hat{T}_{k})right}Deltap_{k}right];MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="589" HEIGHT="51" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img332.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle \hspace{3em} = - \left( 1 + \gamma_{k} \right) \Delta T_{k} \Delt...
...{k-1} + \left\{ \hat{q}_{k} - q^{*} (\hat{T}_{k}) \right\} \Delta p_{k} \right]$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyle=q^{*}(T_{k},p_{k}),;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="92" HEIGHT="32" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img309.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle = q^{*} (T_{k}, p_{k}),$">|; 

$key = q/{align*}{split}&left{(1-2Deltat{calD}_H)(1-2Deltat{calD}_M)underline{I}-(Deltat)[pi^{t-Deltat}+Deltatleft(DP{pi}{t}right)_{rmNG}right]right}.{split}{align*};AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="546" HEIGHT="167" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img294.png"
 ALT="\begin{align*}\begin{split}&amp; \left\{ ( 1-2\Delta t {\cal D}_H )( 1-2\Delta t {\c...
...t \left( \DP{\pi}{t} \right)_{\rm NG} \right] \right\} . \end{split}\end{align*}">|; 

$key = q/Deltasigma;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="27" HEIGHT="14" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img35.png"
 ALT="$ \Delta \sigma$">|; 

$key = q/{displaystylesigmaequivfrac{p}{p_s}};MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="53" HEIGHT="43" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img13.png"
 ALT="$ {\displaystyle
\sigma \equiv \frac{p}{p_s} }$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyle{calD}(zeta)=-K_{HD}left[(-1)^{N_Dslash2}nabla^{N_D}-left(frac{2}{a^2}right)^{N_Dslash2}right]zeta,;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="340" HEIGHT="64" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img192.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle {\cal D}(\zeta) = - K_{HD} \left[ (-1)^{N_D/2} \nabla^{N_D} - \left( \frac{2}{a^2} \right)^{N_D/2} \right] \zeta ,$">|; 

$key = q/displaystylecoszeta=cosvarphicosdelta_ScosH+sinvarphisindelta_S;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="269" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img401.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle \cos \zeta = \cos \varphi \cos \delta_S \cos H + \sin \varphi \sin \delta_S$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyleS_{kl};MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="26" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img281.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle S_{kl}$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyle=-left{DeltaT_{k}+frac{L}{C_p}(q_{k}-hat{q}_{k})right}Deltap_{k},;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="230" HEIGHT="54" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img325.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle = - \left\{ \Delta T_{k} + \frac{L}{C_p} (q_{k} - \hat{q}_{k}) \right\} \Delta p_{k},$">|; 

$key = q/displaystylesigma_k=left{frac{1}{1+kappa}left(frac{sigma^{kappa+1}_{k-1slash2}-sh2}}{sigma_{k-1slash2}-sigma_{k+1slash2}}right)right}^{1slashkappa}.;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="279" HEIGHT="74" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img31.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle \sigma_k = \left\{ \frac{1}{1+\kappa} \left( \frac{ \sigma^{\kapp...
... +1}_{k+1/2} } { \sigma_{k-1/2} - \sigma_{k+1/2} } \right) \right\}^{1/\kappa}.$">|; 

$key = q/T^a_{k_B}=hat{T}_{k_B},q^a_{k_B}=q^*(hat{T}_{k_B},p_{k_B});MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="216" HEIGHT="38" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img382.png"
 ALT="$ T^a_{k_B} = \hat{T}_{k_B},
q^a_{k_B} = q^*( \hat{T}_{k_B}, p_{k_B} ) $">|; 

$key = q/q^{*};MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="19" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img303.png"
 ALT="$ q^{*}$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyle=frac{displaystyle(1+gamma_{k-1})Deltap_{k-1}S_{k-1slash2}+left(1+gaac{Deltap_{k-1slash2}}{2p_{k-1slash2}}right)(1+gamma_{k})Deltap_{k}};MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="687" HEIGHT="100" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img356.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle = \frac{ \displaystyle (1 + \gamma_{k-1}) \Delta p_{k-1} S_{k-1/2...
...pa \frac{\Delta p_{k-1/2}}{2 p_{k-1/2}} \right) (1 + \gamma_{k}) \Delta p_{k} }$">|; 

$key = q/(k-1);MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="53" HEIGHT="32" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img498.png"
 ALT="$ (k-1)$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyledot{sigma}_{1slash2};MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="34" HEIGHT="31" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img202.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle \dot{\sigma}_{1/2}$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyle=-left(frac{alpha_{k}}{Deltasigma_{k}}Deltasigma_{l}delta_{kleql}+fr}{Deltasigma_{k}}Deltasigma_{l}delta_{k+1leql}right)overline{T}_{k}.;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="302" HEIGHT="54" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img284.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle = - \left( \frac{ \alpha_{k} }{ \Delta \sigma_{k} } \Delta \sigma...
...a \sigma_{k} } \Delta \sigma_{l} \delta_{k+1 \leq l} \right) \overline{T}_{k} .$">|; 

$key = q/displaystylewidetilde{left(DP{f}{varphi}right)}_n^m;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="64" HEIGHT="70" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img102.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle \widetilde{\left(\DP{f}{\varphi}\right)}_n^m$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyleleft{1+gamma_{k-1}right}DeltaT_{k-1}Deltap_{k-1};MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="174" HEIGHT="32" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img331.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle \left\{ 1 + \gamma_{k-1} \right\} \Delta T_{k-1} \Delta p_{k-1}$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyle:qquad凝結,小規模運動過程等による水蒸気ソース,;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="348" HEIGHT="33" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img172.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle : \qquad 凝結, 小規模運動過程等による水蒸気ソース,$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyle:quad経度[mathrm{deg.}],;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="105" HEIGHT="33" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img117.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle : \quad 経度 [\mathrm{deg.}],$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyleT^a_{k+1}>hat{T}_{k+1};MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="92" HEIGHT="38" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img381.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle T^a_{k+1} &gt; \hat{T}_{k+1}$">|; 

$key = q/displaystylevarphi;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="15" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img114.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle \varphi$">|; 

$key = q/hat{rho};MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="12" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img453.png"
 ALT="$ \hat{\rho}$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyle=alpha_kleft[1-left(frac{sigma_k}{sigma_{k-1}}right)^{kappa}right]^{-1},;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="178" HEIGHT="64" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img227.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle = \alpha_k \left[ 1- \left( \frac{ \sigma_k }{ \sigma_{k-1} } \right)^{\kappa} \right]^{-1},$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyleT_{k+1}+S_{grst}(T_{Bk+1}-T_{k+1})-frac{sum^{k+1}_{k=k-1}S_{grst}(T_{Bk}-T_{k})Deltap_{k}}{sum^{k+1}_{k=k-1}Deltap_{k}};MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="422" HEIGHT="64" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img487.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle T_{k+1} + S_{grst} (T_{Bk+1} - T_{k+1})
- \frac{
\sum^{k+1}_{k=k-1} S_{grst} (T_{Bk} - T_{k}) \Delta p_{k}
}{
\sum^{k+1}_{k=k-1} \Delta p_{k}
}$">|; 

$key = q/P_n;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="23" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img47.png"
 ALT="$ P_n$">|; 

$key = q/times10^{10};MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="46" HEIGHT="34" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img517.png"
 ALT="$ \times 10^{10}$">|; 

$key = q/sigma_{k-1slash2}(k=1,2,cdots,K);MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="173" HEIGHT="32" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img25.png"
 ALT="$ \sigma_{k-1/2}  (k=1,2,\cdots,K)$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyleA_{ij};MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="27" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img73.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle A_{ij}$">|; 

$key = q/u;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="14" HEIGHT="13" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img134.png"
 ALT="$ u$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyle)_{k}-nabla^{2}_{sigma}sum_{k=1}^{K}W_{kl}(T_{v,l}-T_{l})+{calD}(D_{k}),;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="256" HEIGHT="66" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img268.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle )_{k} - \nabla^{2}_{\sigma} \sum_{k=1}^{K} W_{kl} ( T_{v,l}-T_{l} ) + {\cal D}(D_{k}) ,$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyleequivsum_{m=-M}^Msum_{n=|m|}^Ntilde{f}_n^mleft.DD{P_n^m}{varphi}right|_jexp(imlambda_i),;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="260" HEIGHT="66" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img101.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle \equiv \sum_{m=-M}^M \sum_{n=\vert m\vert}^N \tilde{f}_n^m \left. \DD{P_n^m}{\varphi} \right\vert _j \exp(im \lambda_i) ,$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyle:quad緯度[mathrm{deg.}],;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="105" HEIGHT="33" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img115.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle : \quad 緯度 [\mathrm{deg.}],$">|; 

$key = q/displaystylebeta_k;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="21" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img209.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle \beta_k$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyleleft(DP{f}{lambda}right)_{ij};MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="63" HEIGHT="54" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img96.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle \left( \DP{f}{\lambda} \right)_{ij}$">|; 

$key = q/T,q;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="29" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img395.png"
 ALT="$ T,q$">|; 

$key = q/sim;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="16" HEIGHT="15" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img197.png"
 ALT="$ \sim$">|; 

$key = q/displaystylezeta(varphi,lambda,sigma);MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="74" HEIGHT="32" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img130.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle \zeta (\varphi, \lambda, \sigma)$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyleF_S^I(lambda,varphi)=-S_0r_S^{-2}coszeta.;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="178" HEIGHT="38" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img400.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle F_S^I (\lambda, \varphi)= - S_0 r_S^{-2} \cos \zeta .$">|; 

$key = q/{displaystyleleft{tilde{A}^m_nexp(imlambda)right}^*=tilde{A}^{-m}_nexp(-imlambda)};MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="260" HEIGHT="47" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img77.png"
 ALT="$ {\displaystyle
\left\{\tilde{A}^m_n \exp(im\lambda) \right\}^*
= \tilde{A}^{-m}_n \exp(-im\lambda) }$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyle=Deltasigma_{k},;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="56" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img272.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle = \Delta \sigma_{k} ,$">|; 

$key = q/displaystylesum_{i=1}^{I}exp(imlambda_i)exp(-im'lambda_i);MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="191" HEIGHT="66" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img62.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle \sum_{i=1}^{I} \exp(im \lambda_i) \exp(-im' \lambda_i)$">|; 

$key = q/tilde{A}_n^m;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="29" HEIGHT="39" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img72.png"
 ALT="$ \tilde{A}_n^m$">|; 

$key = q/hat{T}_{k+2};MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="38" HEIGHT="38" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img496.png"
 ALT="$ \hat{T}_{k+2}$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyleDeltaT_{k-1};MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="51" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img319.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle \Delta T_{k-1}$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyleDP{T}{z}-frac{RT}{C_pp}DP{p}{z}+frac{L}{C_p}DP{q^*}{z}<0;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="201" HEIGHT="52" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img301.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle \DP{T}{z} - \frac{RT}{C_p p} \DP{p}{z} + \frac{L}{C_p} \DP{q^*}{z} &lt; 0$">|; 

$key = q/displaystylefrac{Deltaq_{evap}}{Deltat}=frac{F_{evap}L^{-1}rho_s^{-1}}{Deltaz}=fevap}L^{-1}rho_s^{-1}}{Deltapslash(rho_sg)}=F_{evap}frac{g}{LDeltap};MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="381" HEIGHT="57" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img456.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle \frac{\Delta q_{evap}}{\Delta t}
= \frac{ F_{evap} L^{-1} \rho_s^...
...vap} L^{-1} \rho_s^{-1}}{\Delta p / (\rho_s g)}
= F_{evap} \frac{g}{L \Delta p}$">|; 

$key = q/sigma_k(k=1,2,ldotsK);MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="135" HEIGHT="32" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img30.png"
 ALT="$ \sigma_k  (k=1,2,\ldots K)$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyleq^{*}(T,p)=p^{*}_{0}expleft(-frac{L}{RT}right)frac{1}{p};MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="202" HEIGHT="54" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img502.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle q^{*}(T, p) = p^{*}_{0} \exp \left( - \frac{L}{RT} \right) \frac{1}{p}$">|; 

$key = q/{displaystyleJgefrac{3N_{tr}+1}{2}};MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="99" HEIGHT="53" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img53.png"
 ALT="$ {\displaystyle J \ge \frac{3N_{tr}+1}{2} }$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyleY_n^m(lambda,varphi)equivP_n^m(sinvarphi)exp(imlambda),;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="232" HEIGHT="32" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img40.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle Y_n^m(\lambda,\varphi) \equiv P_n^m(\sin \varphi) \exp(im \lambda),$">|; 

$key = q/equivhat{q}slashq^*(hat{T},p);MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="91" HEIGHT="38" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img366.png"
 ALT="$ \equiv \hat{q}/q^*(\hat{T},p)$">|; 

$key = q/displaystylea_k;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="21" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img226.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle a_k$">|; 

$key = q/epsilon_f;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="19" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img257.png"
 ALT="$ \epsilon_f$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyle{calD}(zeta);MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="37" HEIGHT="32" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img157.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle {\cal D}(\zeta)$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyledelta_{t}pi=left(DP{pi}{t}right)_{rmNG}-Dvect{C}cdotoverline{Dvect{D}}^{t},;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="185" HEIGHT="54" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img291.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle \delta_{t} \pi = \left( \DP{\pi}{t} \right)_{\rm NG} - \Dvect{C} \cdot \overline{ \Dvect{D} }^{t} ,$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyleT_v^{prime}(varphi,lambda,sigma);MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="82" HEIGHT="35" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img147.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle T_v^{\prime} (\varphi, \lambda, \sigma)$">|; 

$key = q/I=64,J=64;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="109" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img59.png"
 ALT="$ I=64, J=64$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyleoverline{F_S^I}(varphi)simeq-S_0(A_{ins}+B_{ins}cos^2varphi),;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="240" HEIGHT="42" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img405.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle \overline{F_S^I} (\varphi) \simeq - S_0 ( A_{ins} + B_{ins} \cos^2 \varphi ) ,$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyleequivlnp_s,;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="56" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img125.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle \equiv \ln p_s,$">|; 

$key = q/A{i,J-j}=A_{ij}^{even}-A_{ij}^{odd};MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="179" HEIGHT="35" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img84.png"
 ALT="$ A{i,J-j}=A_{ij}^{even}-A_{ij}^{odd}$">|; 

$key = q/frac{1}{2};MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="15" HEIGHT="35" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img26.png"
 ALT="$ \frac{1}{2}$">|; 

$key = q/^{-4};MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="22" HEIGHT="18" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img514.png"
 ALT="$ ^{-4}$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyle=frac{displaystyle(1+gamma_{k-1})Deltap_{k-1}S_{k-1slash2}+left(1+gash2}}left{(1+gamma_{k-1})Deltap_{k-1}-(1+gamma_{k})Deltap_{k}right}};MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="590" HEIGHT="100" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img357.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle = \frac{ \displaystyle (1 + \gamma_{k-1}) \Delta p_{k-1} S_{k-1/2...
...\{ (1 + \gamma_{k-1}) \Delta p_{k-1} - (1 + \gamma_{k}) \Delta p_{k} \right\} }$">|; 

$key = q/alpha_g;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="22" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img426.png"
 ALT="$ \alpha_g$">|; 

$key = q/varphi;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="14" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img5.png"
 ALT="$ \varphi$">|; 

$key = q/delta_v=epsilon_v^{-1}-1;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="91" HEIGHT="34" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img512.png"
 ALT="$ \delta_v = \epsilon_v^{-1} - 1$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyleT_{k-1}+S_{grst}(T_{Bk-1}-T_{k-1})-frac{sum^{k+1}_{k=k-1}S_{grst}(T_{Bk}-T_{k})Deltap_{k}}{sum^{k+1}_{k=k-1}Deltap_{k}},;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="427" HEIGHT="64" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img483.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle T_{k-1} + S_{grst} (T_{Bk-1} - T_{k-1})
- \frac{
\sum^{k+1}_{k=k-1} S_{grst} (T_{Bk} - T_{k}) \Delta p_{k}
}{
\sum^{k+1}_{k=k-1} \Delta p_{k}
},$">|; 

$key = q/I=128,J=64;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="118" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img58.png"
 ALT="$ I=128, J=64$">|; 

$key = q/q_{k};MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="19" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img312.png"
 ALT="$ q_{k}$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyle:qquad渦度水平拡散,;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="141" HEIGHT="33" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img158.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle : \qquad 渦度水平拡散,$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyle=T_{k}-hat{T}_{k},;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="79" HEIGHT="38" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img318.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle = T_{k} - \hat{T}_{k} ,$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyleP_n^m(mu)equivsqrt{frac{(2n+1)(n-|m|)!}{(n+|m|)!}}frac{(1-mu^2)^{frac{|m|}{2}}}{2^nn!}DD[n+|m|]{}{mu}(mu^2-1)^n,;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="428" HEIGHT="68" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img44.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle P_n^m(\mu)\equiv \sqrt{\frac{(2n+1)(n-\vert m\vert)!}{(n+\vert m\...
...u^2)^{\frac{\vert m\vert}{2}} }{2^n n!} \DD[n+\vert m\vert]{}{\mu} (\mu^2-1)^n,$">|; 

$key = q/delta_{kleql};MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="33" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img285.png"
 ALT="$ \delta_{k \leq l}$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyleq_{k};MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="19" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img308.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle q_{k}$">|; 

$key = q/Deltaq;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="25" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img450.png"
 ALT="$ \Delta q$">|; 

$key = q/d_{mathrm{H}_2mathrm{O}};MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="39" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img510.png"
 ALT="$ d_{\mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O}}$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyle=q^{*}(hat{T}_{k-1},p_{k-1})+left.DP{q^{*}}{T}right|_{hat{T}_{k-1}}DeltaT_{k-1}.;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="260" HEIGHT="54" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img316.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle = q^{*} (\hat{T}_{k-1},p_{k-1}) + \left. \DP{q^{*}}{T} \right\vert _{\hat{T}_{k-1}} \Delta T_{k-1}.$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyleT_{Bk}=frac{T_{k+1slash2}+T_{k-1slash2}}{2};MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="168" HEIGHT="55" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img471.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle T_{Bk} = \frac{T_{k+1/2} + T_{k-1/2}}{2}$">|; 

$key = q/z;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="13" HEIGHT="13" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img432.png"
 ALT="$ z$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyle{calD}(T)=-(-1)^{N_Dslash2}K_{HD}nabla^{N_D}T,;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="226" HEIGHT="38" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img194.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle {\cal D}(T) = - (-1)^{N_D/2} K_{HD} \nabla^{N_D} T ,$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyle=-D-DP{dot{sigma}}{sigma}.;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="94" HEIGHT="52" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img105.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle = - D - \DP{\dot{\sigma}}{\sigma}.$">|; 

$key = q/dot{calA}_{cnd};MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="38" HEIGHT="39" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img252.png"
 ALT="$ \dot{\cal A}_{cnd} $">|; 

$key = q/a;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="12" HEIGHT="13" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img503.png"
 ALT="$ a$">|; 

$key = q/displaystylealpha_k;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="22" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img207.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle \alpha_k$">|; 

$key = q/0le|m|len;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="93" HEIGHT="32" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img42.png"
 ALT="$  0 \le \vert m\vert \le n$">|; 

$key = q/displaystylee^{*}(T)=p^{*}_{0}expleft(-frac{L}{RT}right);MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="173" HEIGHT="54" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img500.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle e^{*}(T) = p^{*}_{0} \exp \left( - \frac{L}{RT} \right)$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyleA(lambda,varphi);MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="56" HEIGHT="32" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img94.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle A(\lambda,\varphi)$">|; 

$key = q/displaystylegamma_{k}equivfrac{L}{C_p}left.DP{q^{*}}{T}right|_{k};MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="111" HEIGHT="54" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img330.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle \gamma_{k} \equiv \frac{L}{C_p} \left. \DP{q^{*}}{T} \right\vert _{k}$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyleDP{pi}{t}+frac{u}{acosvarphi}DP{pi}{lambda}+frac{v}{a}DP{pi}{varphi};MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="176" HEIGHT="52" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img104.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle \DP{\pi}{t} + \frac{u}{a \cos \varphi} \DP{\pi}{\lambda} + \frac{v}{a} \DP{\pi}{\varphi}$">|; 

$key = q/T_{k};MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="22" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img474.png"
 ALT="$ T_{k}$">|; 

$key = q/{displaystylefrac{pi}{2}>varphi_1>varphi_2>cdots>varphi_{J}>-frac{pi}{2}};MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="223" HEIGHT="43" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img18.png"
 ALT="$ {\displaystyle \frac{\pi}{2} &gt; \varphi_1 &gt; \varphi_2 &gt;
\cdots &gt; \varphi_{J} &gt; -\frac{\pi}{2} }$">|; 

$key = q/varphi_j(j=1,2,3,cdots,J);MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="148" HEIGHT="32" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img17.png"
 ALT="$ \varphi_j (j=1,2,3,\cdots,J) $">|; 

$key = q/T_{k+2};MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="37" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img497.png"
 ALT="$ T_{k+2}$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyleqquad+DeltaT_{k-1}-DeltaT_{k}+frac{L}{C_p}left.DP{q^{*}}{T}right|_{keltap_{k-1slash2}}{p_{k-1slash2}}frac{DeltaT_{k-1}+DeltaT_{k}}{2}=0.;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="656" HEIGHT="54" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img340.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle \qquad + \Delta T_{k-1} - \Delta T_{k} + \frac{L}{C_p} \left. \DP...
...\frac{\Delta p_{k-1/2}}{p_{k-1/2}} \frac{\Delta T_{k-1} + \Delta T_{k}}{2} = 0.$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyle(T_{k}-T_{k-1})cdot(T_{k+1}-T_{k})<0;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="209" HEIGHT="32" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img473.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle (T_{k} - T_{k-1}) \cdot (T_{k+1} - T_{k}) &lt; 0$">|; 

$key = q/displaystylebar{calA}^{t}=(1-2epsilon_f){calA}^{t}+epsilon_fleft(bar{calA}^{t-Deltat}+{calA}^{t+Deltat}right);MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="282" HEIGHT="38" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img255.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle \bar{\cal A}^{t} = ( 1-2 \epsilon_f ) {\cal A}^{t} + \epsilon_f \left( \bar{\cal A}^{t-\Delta t} + {\cal A}^{t+\Delta t} \right)$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyleT_k=hat{T}_k+frac{L}{C_p}(1-b)Ifrac{(T^c_k-T_k)}{displaystylesum_{k=k_B}^{k_T}(T^c_k-T_k)frac{Deltap_k}{g}};MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="294" HEIGHT="108" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img360.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle T_k = \hat{T}_k + \frac{L}{C_p} (1-b) I \frac{( T^c_k - T_k )} {\displaystyle \sum_{k=k_B}^{k_T} ( T^c_k - T_k ) \frac{\Delta p_k}{g} }$">|; 

$key = q/displaystylehat{T}_{k-1}-hat{T}_{k}+frac{L}{C_p}left{q^{*}(hat{T}_{k-1})-q^{*}(hc{Deltap_{k-1slash2}}{p_{k-1slash2}}frac{hat{T}_{k-1}+hat{T}_{k}}{2};MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="442" HEIGHT="60" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img339.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle \hat{T}_{k-1} - \hat{T}_{k} + \frac{L}{C_p} \left\{ q^{*} (\hat{T...
...{C_p} \frac{\Delta p_{k-1/2}}{p_{k-1/2}} \frac{\hat{T}_{k-1} + \hat{T}_{k} }{2}$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyle=underline{Q}underline{S}-underline{R},;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="81" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img278.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle = \underline{Q}\underline{S} - \underline{R} ,$">|; 

$key = q/piBequivsigma_{SB}T^4;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="95" HEIGHT="34" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img440.png"
 ALT="$ \pi B \equiv \sigma_{SB} T^4$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyleq=frac{hat{p_s}}{hat{p_s}+Deltap_s}hat{q};MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="107" HEIGHT="52" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img470.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle q = \frac{\hat{p_s}}{\hat{p_s} + \Delta p_s} \hat{q}$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyleF_S^I(lambda,varphi)=-S_0(1-mathcal{A})coszeta;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="201" HEIGHT="38" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img416.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle F_S^I (\lambda, \varphi) = - S_0 (1 - \mathcal{A}) \cos \zeta$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyleD(varphi,lambda,sigma);MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="79" HEIGHT="32" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img132.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle D (\varphi, \lambda, \sigma)$">|; 

$key = q/T=overline{T}_k;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="57" HEIGHT="36" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img258.png"
 ALT="$ T=\overline{T}_k$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyleleft[DeltaT_{k-1}+frac{L}{C_p}left{q^{*}(hat{T}_{k-1})+left.DP{q^{*}|_{k-1}DeltaT_{k-1}-hat{q}_{k-1}right}right]Deltap_{k-1}hspace{-7em};MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="426" HEIGHT="66" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img326.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle \left[ \Delta T_{k-1} + \frac{L}{C_p} \left\{ q^{*} (\hat{T}_{k-1...
...1} \Delta T_{k-1} - \hat{q}_{k-1} \right\} \right] \Delta p_{k-1} \hspace{-7em}$">|; 

$key = q/displaystylerangle=frac{displaystylesum_{k=k_B}^{k_T}hat{q}frac{Deltap_k}{g}}{displaystylesum_{k=k_B}^{k_T}q^*(hat{T},p)frac{Deltap_k}{g}}.;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="163" HEIGHT="124" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img368.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle \rangle = \frac{\displaystyle \sum_{k=k_B}^{k_T} \hat{q} \frac{\D...
...{g} } {\displaystyle \sum_{k=k_B}^{k_T} q^*(\hat{T},p) \frac{\Delta p_k}{g} } .$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyleT_{k+1}+S_{grst}(T_{Bk+2}-T_{k+2})-frac{sum^{k+2}_{k=k}S_{grst}(T_{Bk}-hat{T}_{k})Deltap_{k}}{sum^{k+2}_{k=k}Deltap_{k}};MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="407" HEIGHT="63" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img494.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle T_{k+1} + S_{grst} (T_{Bk+2} - T_{k+2})
- \frac{
\sum^{k+2}_{k=k} S_{grst} (T_{Bk} - \hat{T}_{k}) \Delta p_{k}
}{
\sum^{k+2}_{k=k} \Delta p_{k}
}$">|; 

$key = q/k_T;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="22" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img359.png"
 ALT="$ k_T$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyle=-frac{1+gamma_{k}}{1+gamma_{k-1}}frac{Deltap_{k}}{Deltap_{k-1}}Delt}+frac{1}{1+gamma_{k-1}}frac{L}{C_p}Deltahat{Q}frac{1}{Deltap_{k-1}};MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="357" HEIGHT="53" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img335.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle = - \frac{ 1 + \gamma_{k} }{ 1 + \gamma_{k-1}} \frac{\Delta p_{k}...
...rac{1}{ 1 + \gamma_{k-1}} \frac{L}{C_p} \Delta \hat{Q} \frac{1}{\Delta p_{k-1}}$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyleq^a_{k+1}=q^a_k;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="72" HEIGHT="31" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img374.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle q^a_{k+1} = q^a_k$">|; 

$key = q/T^a_k=hat{T}_k,q^a_k=q^*(hat{T}_k,p_k);MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="172" HEIGHT="38" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img379.png"
 ALT="$ T^a_k = \hat{T}_k, q^a_k = q^*( \hat{T}_k, p_k ) $">|; 

$key = q/m;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="18" HEIGHT="13" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img78.png"
 ALT="$ m$">|; 

$key = q/pi;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="14" HEIGHT="13" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img404.png"
 ALT="$ \pi$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyle{calA}^{t+Deltat}=hat{calA}^{t+Deltat}+2Deltatdot{calA}_{dis}left(haDeltat}right)+2Deltatdot{calA}_{cnd}left(hat{calA}^{t+Deltat}right).;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="407" HEIGHT="45" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img254.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle {\cal A}^{t+\Delta t} = \hat{\cal A}^{t+\Delta t} + 2 \Delta t \d...
...ight) + 2 \Delta t \dot{\cal A}_{cnd}\left( \hat{\cal A}^{t+\Delta t} \right) .$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyle:quad時間[mathrm{s}].;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="83" HEIGHT="33" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img121.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle : \quad 時間 [\mathrm{s}].$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyleq=hat{q}-frac{L}{C_p}DP{q^*}{T}frac{hat{q}-q^*(hat{T},p)}{displaystyle1+frac{L}{C_p}DP{q^*}{T}}.;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="201" HEIGHT="79" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img393.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle q = \hat{q} - \frac{L}{C_p} \DP{q^*}{T} \frac{ \hat{q} - q^*(\hat{T},p) } {\displaystyle 1 + \frac{L}{C_p} \DP{q^*}{T} } .$">|; 

$key = q/varphi=0;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="44" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img80.png"
 ALT="$ \varphi=0$">|; 

$key = q/(T^a_{k+1},q^a_{k+1});MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="88" HEIGHT="32" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img372.png"
 ALT="$ (T^a_{k+1}, q^a_{k+1})$">|; 

$key = q/P;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="17" HEIGHT="14" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img386.png"
 ALT="$ P$">|; 

$key = q/sigma;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="13" HEIGHT="13" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img7.png"
 ALT="$ \sigma$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyleDP{q_k}{t};MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="33" HEIGHT="52" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img230.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle \DP{q_k}{t}$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyle=-sigma_{k-1slash2}DP{pi}{t}-sum_{l=k}^{K}(D_l+Dvect{v}_lcdotnablapi)Deltasigma_l,;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="276" HEIGHT="66" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img201.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle = - \sigma_{k-1/2} \DP{\pi}{t} - \sum_{l=k}^{K} ( D_l + \Dvect{v}_l \cdot \nabla \pi ) \Delta \sigma_l,$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyleepsilon_v;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="18" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img185.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle \epsilon_v$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyletilde{A}_n^m;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="28" HEIGHT="39" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img75.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle \tilde{A}_n^m$">|; 

$key = q/(lambda_i,varphi_j);MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="55" HEIGHT="32" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img67.png"
 ALT="$ (\lambda_i,\varphi_j)$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyle=T_{k-1}-hat{T}_{k-1};MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="108" HEIGHT="38" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img320.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle = T_{k-1} - \hat{T}_{k-1}$">|; 

$key = q/displaystylelambda;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="14" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img116.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle \lambda$">|; 

$key = q/(N_{tr}+1)^2;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="76" HEIGHT="34" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img54.png"
 ALT="$ (N_{tr}+1)^2$">|; 

$key = q/hat{T}_{k};MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="21" HEIGHT="38" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img475.png"
 ALT="$ \hat{T}_{k}$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyleD^{t+Deltat}=2overline{Dvect{D}}^{t}-D^{t-Deltat};MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="162" HEIGHT="42" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img297.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle D^{t+\Delta t} = 2\overline{ \Dvect{D} }^{t} - D^{t-\Delta t}$">|; 

$key = q/1leqkleqKMAX;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="122" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img472.png"
 ALT="$ 1 \leq k \leq KMAX$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyleunderline{h};MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="13" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img277.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle \underline{h}$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyle:quad乾燥大気の大気定圧比熱[mathrm{Jkg}^{-1}mathrm{K}^{-1}],;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="297" HEIGHT="38" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img180.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle : \quad 乾燥大気の大気定圧比熱 [\mathrm{J kg}^{-1} \mathrm{K}^{-1}],$">|; 

$key = q/displaystylefrac{partialDvect{D}}{partialt}=left(DP{Dvect{D}}{t}right)_{rmNG}-naa}(Dvect{Phi}_{S}+underline{W}Dvect{T}+Dvect{G}pi)+{calD}_MDvect{D},;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="362" HEIGHT="54" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img262.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle \frac{\partial \Dvect{D}}{\partial t} = \left( \DP{\Dvect{D}}{t} ...
...{\Phi}_{S} + \underline{W} \Dvect{T} + \Dvect{G} \pi ) + {\cal D}_M \Dvect{D} ,$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyleS_{k-1slash2}>0;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="80" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img342.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle S_{k-1/2} &gt; 0$">|; 

$key = q/m=-M,cdots,M.quadn=|m|,cdots,N(m);MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="275" HEIGHT="32" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img71.png"
 ALT="$ m=-M,\cdots,M. \quad n=\vert m\vert,\cdots,N(m)$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyleDP{pi}{t};MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="28" HEIGHT="52" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img198.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle \DP{\pi}{t}$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyleleft{DeltaT_{k-1}+frac{L}{C_p}(q_{k-1}-hat{q}_{k-1})right}Deltap_{k-1};MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="259" HEIGHT="54" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img324.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle \left\{ \Delta T_{k-1} + \frac{L}{C_p} (q_{k-1} - \hat{q}_{k-1} ) \right\} \Delta p_{k-1}$">|; 

$key = q/{calF}_lambda,{calF}_varphi,Q,S_q;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="95" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img244.png"
 ALT="$ {\cal F}_\lambda, {\cal F}_\varphi, Q, S_q$">|; 

$key = q/A_{ins};MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="35" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img1.png"
 ALT="$ A_{ins}$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyleC_p;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="23" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img179.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle C_p$">|; 

$key = q/w_j;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="23" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img64.png"
 ALT="$ w_j$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyleDeltaT_{k}equivhat{T}_{k}-T_{k}=S_{grst}(T_{Bk}-T_{k});MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="241" HEIGHT="38" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img477.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle \Delta T_{k} \equiv \hat{T}_{k} - T_{k} = S_{grst} (T_{Bk} - T_{k})$">|; 

$key = q/displaystylehat{T}_{k}=T_{k}+S_{grst}(T_{Bk}-T_{k});MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="190" HEIGHT="38" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img476.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle \hat{T}_{k} = T_{k} + S_{grst} (T_{Bk} - T_{k})$">|; 

$key = q/p;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="13" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img122.png"
 ALT="$ p$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyle(C_pT_{k-1}+Lq_{k-1})Deltap_{k-1}-(C_phat{T}_{k-1}+Lhat{q}_{k-1})Deltap_{k-1};MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="367" HEIGHT="38" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img322.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle (C_p T_{k-1} + L q_{k-1}) \Delta p_{k-1} - (C_p \hat{T}_{k-1} + L \hat{q}_{k-1}) \Delta p_{k-1}$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyleT_{k}+S_{grst}(T_{Bk}-T_{k})-frac{sum^{k+1}_{k=k-1}S_{grst}(T_{Bk}-T_{k})Deltap_{k}}{sum^{k+1}_{k=k-1}Deltap_{k}},;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="378" HEIGHT="64" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img485.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle T_{k} + S_{grst} (T_{Bk} - T_{k})
- \frac{
\sum^{k+1}_{k=k-1} S_{grst} (T_{Bk} - T_{k}) \Delta p_{k}
}{
\sum^{k+1}_{k=k-1} \Delta p_{k}
},$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyleF_R(z)=left(piB(T_g)-piB(T_s)right){calT}^f(z,0)+piB(T(z_T)){calT}^f(z,z_T)-int_0^{z_T}DD{piB}{xi}{calT}^f(z,xi)dxi;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="580" HEIGHT="53" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img437.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle F_R(z) = \left( \pi B(T_g) - \pi B(T_s) \right) {\cal T}^f(z,0) +...
...(z_T)) {\cal T}^f(z,z_T) - \int_0^{z_T} \DD{\pi B}{\xi} {\cal T}^f(z,\xi) d \xi$">|; 

$key = q/b_i;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="17" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img446.png"
 ALT="$ b_i$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyle{calD}(D)=-K_{HD}left[(-1)^{N_Dslash2}nabla^{N_D}-left(frac{2}{a^2}right)^{N_Dslash2}right]D,;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="351" HEIGHT="64" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img193.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle {\cal D}(D) = - K_{HD} \left[ (-1)^{N_D/2} \nabla^{N_D} - \left( \frac{2}{a^2} \right)^{N_D/2} \right] D ,$">|; 

$key = q/overline{Dvect{D}_n^m}^{t};MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="38" HEIGHT="42" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img296.png"
 ALT="$ \overline{ \Dvect{D}_n^m }^{t}$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyle=frac{v^{2}_k+v^{2}_k}{2}.;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="80" HEIGHT="57" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img222.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle = \frac{v^{2}_k + v^{2}_k}{2}.$">|; 

$key = q/delta;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="12" HEIGHT="14" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img412.png"
 ALT="$ \delta$">|; 

$key = q/N_S;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="26" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img417.png"
 ALT="$ N_S$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyle(varphi,lambda,sigma);MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="65" HEIGHT="32" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img155.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle  (\varphi, \lambda, \sigma)$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyle=frac{1}{I}sum_{i=1}^{I}sum_{j=1}^{J}A_{ij}Y_n^{m*}(lambda_i,varphi_j)w_j.;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="215" HEIGHT="66" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img76.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle = \frac{1}{I} \sum_{i=1}^{I} \sum_{j=1}^{J} A_{ij} Y_n^{m*} (\lambda_i, \varphi_j) w_j .$">|; 

$key = q/delta_S;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="21" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img402.png"
 ALT="$ \delta_S$">|; 

$key = q/M=N_{tr},N=N_{tr};MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="140" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img51.png"
 ALT="$ M= N_{tr},  N =N_{tr}$">|; 

$key = q/lambda_{subsolar};MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="63" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img413.png"
 ALT="$ \lambda_{subsolar}$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyleequivT_v-overline{T},;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="74" HEIGHT="36" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img148.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle \equiv T_v - \overline{T},$">|; 

$key = q/displaystylehspace{2em}+left(1+gamma_{k-1}-frac{R}{C_p}frac{Deltap_{k-1slash2}}{{1}{1+gamma_{k-1}}frac{L}{C_p}Deltahat{Q}frac{1}{Deltap_{k-1}}right);MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="596" HEIGHT="54" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img346.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle \hspace{2em} + \left( 1 + \gamma_{k-1} - \frac{R}{C_p} \frac{\Del...
...1 + \gamma_{k-1}} \frac{L}{C_p} \Delta \hat{Q} \frac{1}{\Delta p_{k-1}} \right)$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyle=-(C_pT_{k}+Lq_{k})Deltap_{k}+(C_phat{T}_{k}+Lhat{q}_{k})Deltap_{k},;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="302" HEIGHT="38" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img323.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle = - (C_p T_{k} + L q_{k}) \Delta p_{k} + (C_p \hat{T}_{k} + L \hat{q}_{k}) \Delta p_{k},$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyle(T_{k}-T_{k-1})cdot(T_{k+1}-T_{k})geq0;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="209" HEIGHT="32" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img499.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle (T_{k} - T_{k-1}) \cdot (T_{k+1} - T_{k}) \geq 0$">|; 

$key = q/(lambda,varphi);MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="44" HEIGHT="32" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img38.png"
 ALT="$ (\lambda, \varphi)$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyleequivTleft{1+left(epsilon_v^{-1}-1right)qright},;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="164" HEIGHT="37" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img146.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle \equiv T \left\{ 1 + \left(\epsilon_v^{-1} - 1\right) q \right\},$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyleoverline{seczeta}simeqfrac{1}{A_{zeta}+B_{zeta}cos^2varphi}.;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="167" HEIGHT="50" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img411.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle \overline{\sec \zeta} \simeq \frac{1}{A_{\zeta} + B_{\zeta} \cos^2 \varphi} .$">|; 

$key = q/{align*}{split}DP{tilde{T}_n^m}{t}&=-frac{1}{I}sum_{i=1}^{I}sum_{j=1}^{J}imu_{ijj=1}^{J}{calD}'_{ij}(Dvect{v})Y_n^{m*}(lambda_i,varphi_j)w_j.{split}{align*};AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="382" HEIGHT="262" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img239.png"
 ALT="\begin{align*}\begin{split}\DP{\tilde{T}_n^m}{t} &amp; = - \frac{1}{I} \sum_{i=1}^{I...
...{ij}(\Dvect{v}) Y_n^{m *} ( \lambda_i, \varphi_j ) w_j . \end{split}\end{align*}">|; 

$key = q/displaystyleequivsum_{m=-M}^Msum_{n=|m|}^Nimtilde{f}_n^mY_n^m(lambda_i,varphi_j),;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="228" HEIGHT="66" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img97.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle \equiv \sum_{m=-M}^M \sum_{n=\vert m\vert}^N im \tilde{f}_n^m Y_n^m (\lambda_i,\varphi_j) ,$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyleleft[DD{}{mu}left{(1-mu^2)DD{}{mu}right}+J(J+1)right]P_J(mu)=0;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="302" HEIGHT="54" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img20.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle \left[
\DD{}{\mu}
\left\{ (1-\mu^2) \DD{}{\mu} \right\}
+ J(J+1) \right] P_J(\mu) = 0$">|; 

$key = q/Jge3N_{tr}+1;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="96" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img56.png"
 ALT="$ J \ge 3N_{tr}+1$">|; 

$key = q/(q,T);MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="42" HEIGHT="32" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img305.png"
 ALT="$ (q, T)$">|; 

$key = q/kappa=RslashC_p;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="74" HEIGHT="32" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img348.png"
 ALT="$ \kappa = R/C_p$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyleleft(-1-gamma_{k}-kappafrac{Deltap_{k-1slash2}}{2p_{k-1slash2}}right)DeltaT_{k};MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="208" HEIGHT="54" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img350.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle \left( - 1 - \gamma_{k} - \kappa \frac{\Delta p_{k-1/2}}{2 p_{k-1/2}} \right) \Delta T_{k}$">|; 

$key = q/DeltaT_{k};MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="35" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img336.png"
 ALT="$ \Delta T_{k}$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyleq=q^*(T,p);MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="86" HEIGHT="32" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img390.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle q = q^*( T,p )$">|; 

$key = q/K+frac{1}{2};MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="49" HEIGHT="35" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img28.png"
 ALT="$ K+\frac{1}{2}$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyle=-left(1+gamma_{k}right)DeltaT_{k}Deltap_{k}+frac{L}{C_p}Deltahat{Q},;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="227" HEIGHT="53" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img334.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle = - \left( 1 + \gamma_{k} \right) \Delta T_{k} \Delta p_{k} + \frac{L}{C_p} \Delta \hat{Q},$">|; 

$key = q/M;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="22" HEIGHT="14" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img48.png"
 ALT="$ M$">|; 

$key = q/_2;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="12" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img516.png"
 ALT="$ _2$">|; 

$key = q/sigma_{SB};MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="32" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img513.png"
 ALT="$ \sigma_{SB}$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyletilde{calD}_{H,n}^m=-K_{HD}left(frac{-n(n+1)}{a^{2}}right)^{N_Dslash2}.;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="252" HEIGHT="63" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img240.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle \tilde{\cal D}_{H,n}^m = - K_{HD} \left( \frac{-n(n+1)}{a^{2}} \right)^{N_D/2} .$">|; 

$key = q/{displaystylekappa=frac{R}{C_p}};MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="57" HEIGHT="53" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img32.png"
 ALT="$ {\displaystyle \kappa=\frac{R}{C_p} }$">|; 

$key = q/A_{ij}^{even};MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="44" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img82.png"
 ALT="$ A_{ij}^{even}$">|; 

$key = q/A_{i,j}+A_{i,J-j};MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="96" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img86.png"
 ALT="$ A_{i,j}+A_{i,J-j}$">|; 

$key = q/dot{calA}_{adv};MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="38" HEIGHT="39" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img247.png"
 ALT="$ \dot{\cal A}_{adv} $">|; 

$key = q/displaystyle:qquad摩擦熱.;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="96" HEIGHT="33" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img174.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle : \qquad 摩擦熱.$">|; 

$key = q/kappa;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="13" HEIGHT="13" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img349.png"
 ALT="$ \kappa$">|; 

$key = q/{calA}^{t+Deltat};MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="47" HEIGHT="17" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img253.png"
 ALT="$ {\cal A}^{t+\Delta t} $">|; 

$key = q/displaystyle)_k)+{calD}(D_k).;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="95" HEIGHT="32" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img214.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle )_k ) + {\cal D}(D_k).$">|; 

$key = q/displaystylehspace{-7em}=-left[1+frac{L}{C_p}left.DP{q^{*}}{T}right|_{k}right]Deap_{k}-frac{L}{C_p}left{q^{*}(hat{T}_{k})-hat{q}_{k}right}Deltap_{k};MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="384" HEIGHT="56" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img329.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle \hspace{-7em} = - \left[ 1 + \frac{L}{C_p} \left. \DP{q^{*}}{T} \...
...- \frac{L}{C_p} \left\{ q^{*} (\hat{T}_{k}) - \hat{q}_{k} \right\} \Delta p_{k}$">|; 

$key = q/displaystylesum^{KMAX}_{k=1}hat{T}_{k}Deltap_{k}=sum^{KMAX}_{k=1}left{S_{grst}(TT_{Bk}-T_{k})Deltap_{k}}{sum^{KMAX}_{k=1}Deltap_{k}}Deltap_{k}right};MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="588" HEIGHT="66" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img481.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle \sum^{KMAX}_{k=1} \hat{T}_{k} \Delta p_{k}
= \sum^{KMAX}_{k=1}
\l...
...- T_{k}) \Delta p_{k}
}{
\sum^{KMAX}_{k=1} \Delta p_{k}
}
\Delta p_{k}
\right\}$">|; 

$key = q/v;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="12" HEIGHT="13" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img135.png"
 ALT="$ v$">|; 

$key = q/C_p;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="23" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img34.png"
 ALT="$ C_p$">|; 

$key = q/{align*}{split}hat{H}_k&equivT_k'D_k-frac{1}{Deltasigma_k}[dot{sigma}_{k-1slash2vect{v}_lcdotnablapi)Deltasigma_lfrac{T_{v,k}}{Deltasigma_k},{split}{align*};AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="469" HEIGHT="339" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img224.png"
 ALT="\begin{align*}\begin{split}\hat{H}_k &amp; \equiv T_k' D_k - \frac{1}{\Delta \sigma_...
...a \pi ) \Delta \sigma_l \frac{T_{v,k}}{\Delta \sigma_k}, \end{split}\end{align*}">|; 

$key = q/displaystyleequivfrac{1}{a^{2}cos^2varphi}DP[2]{}{lambda}+frac{1}{a^{2}cosvarphi}DP{}{varphi}left(cosvarphiDP{}{varphi}right),;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="306" HEIGHT="57" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img154.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle \equiv \frac{1}{a^{2} \cos^2 \varphi} \DP[2]{}{\lambda} + \frac{1}{a^{2} \cos \varphi} \DP{}{\varphi} \left( \cos \varphi \DP{}{\varphi} \right),$">|; 

$key = q/bar{k}_{R,i};MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="31" HEIGHT="36" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img445.png"
 ALT="$ \bar{k}_{R,i}$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyleq_{k-1};MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="36" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img306.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle q_{k-1}$">|; 

$key = q/displaystylesum_i^{N_S}a_ileft[(1-alpha_A)F_S^Iexpleft(-tau_{S,i}(z)seczetaright)right.;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="267" HEIGHT="68" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img421.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle \sum_i^{N_S} a_i
\left[
(1-\alpha_A) F_S^I
\exp \left( - \tau_{S,i}(z) \sec \zeta \right)
\right.$">|; 

$key = q/delta_R=1.5;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="63" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img447.png"
 ALT="$ \delta_R = 1.5$">|; 

$key = q/{align*}{split}hat{kappa}_k&=frac{sigma_{k-1slash2}(sigma^{kappa}_{k-1slash2}-sima_{k-1slash2}alpha_k+sigma_{k+1slash2}beta_k}{Deltasigma_k},{split}{align*};AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="342" HEIGHT="92" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img217.png"
 ALT="\begin{align*}\begin{split}\hat{\kappa}_k &amp; = \frac{ \sigma_{k-1/2}( \sigma^{\ka...
...\alpha_k + \sigma_{k+1/2} \beta_k } { \Delta \sigma_k }, \end{split}\end{align*}">|; 

$key = q/dot{sigma};MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="14" HEIGHT="17" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img188.png"
 ALT="$ \dot{\sigma}$">|; 

$key = q/kleql;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="40" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img286.png"
 ALT="$ k \leq l$">|; 

$key = q/t+Deltat;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="49" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img298.png"
 ALT="$ t+\Delta t$">|; 

$key = q/q_{k-1};MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="35" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img313.png"
 ALT="$ q_{k-1}$">|; 

$key = q/g;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="12" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img505.png"
 ALT="$ g$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyleb=left{{array}{ll}left(frac{1-langlembox{RH}rangle}{1-mbox{RH}_c}rig{RH}ranglegembox{RH}_c1&langlembox{RH}rangle<mbox{RH}_c{array}right.;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="249" HEIGHT="75" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img365.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle b = \left\{ \begin{array}{ll} \left( \frac{1-\langle \mbox{RH}\ra...
...mbox{RH}_c \ 1 &amp; \langle \mbox{RH}\rangle &lt; \mbox{RH}_c \ \end{array} \right.$">|; 

$key = q/(varphi,lambda,sigma);MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="60" HEIGHT="32" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img136.png"
 ALT="$ (\varphi, \lambda, \sigma)$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyle=frac{1}{I}sum_{i=1}^Isum_{j=1}^Jimf_{ij}Y_n^{m*}(lambda_i,varphi_j)w_j.;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="230" HEIGHT="66" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img99.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle = \frac{1}{I} \sum_{i=1}^I \sum_{j=1}^J im f_{ij} Y_n^{m*} (\lambda_i, \varphi_j) w_j .$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyle:quadコリオリパラメータ[mathrm{s}^{-1}],;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="208" HEIGHT="37" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img182.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle : \quad コリオリパラメータ [\mathrm{s}^{-1}],$">|; 

$key = q/overline{seczeta};MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="36" HEIGHT="38" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img410.png"
 ALT="$ \overline{\sec \zeta}$">|; 

$key = q/displaystylecoszeta=sinvarphisindelta+cosvarphicdotsqrt{1-sin^2delta}cdotcosH;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="318" HEIGHT="44" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img415.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle \cos \zeta = \sin \varphi \sin \delta
+ \cos \varphi \cdot \sqrt{1 - \sin^2 \delta} \cdot
\cos H$">|; 

$key = q/displaystylehat{T}_{k};MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="22" HEIGHT="38" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img484.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle \hat{T}_{k}$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyleDP{pi}{t}=-int_{0}^{1}Dvect{v}_{H}cdotnabla_{sigma}pidsigma-int_{0}^{1}Ddsigma,;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="252" HEIGHT="58" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img189.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle \DP{\pi}{t} = - \int_{0}^{1} \Dvect{v}_{H} \cdot \nabla_{\sigma} \pi d \sigma - \int_{0}^{1} D d \sigma ,$">|; 

$key = q/lambda;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="14" HEIGHT="15" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img6.png"
 ALT="$ \lambda$">|; 

$key = q/rho;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="12" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img463.png"
 ALT="$ \rho$">|; 

$key = q/seczeta_0=1.66;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="91" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img424.png"
 ALT="$ \sec \zeta_0 = 1.66$">|; 

$key = q/displaystylehat{T}_{k+2};MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="37" HEIGHT="38" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img493.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle \hat{T}_{k+2}$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyle:quad比湿[mathrm{kg}mathrm{kg}^{-1}],;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="132" HEIGHT="38" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img129.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle : \quad 比湿 [\mathrm{kg} \mathrm{kg}^{-1}],$">|; 

$key = q/{align*}{split}DP{tilde{zeta}_n^m}{t}&=frac{1}{I}sum_{i=1}^{I}sum_{j=1}^{J}im(v_c{w_j}{acosvarphi_j}&quad+tilde{calD}_{M,n}^mtilde{zeta}_n^m,{split}{align*};AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="380" HEIGHT="146" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img236.png"
 ALT="\begin{align*}\begin{split}\DP{\tilde{\zeta}_n^m}{t} &amp; = \frac{1}{I} \sum_{i=1}^...
... \ &amp; \quad + \tilde{\cal D}_{M,n}^m \tilde{\zeta}_n^m , \end{split}\end{align*}">|; 

$key = q/overline{coszeta};MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="36" HEIGHT="38" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img409.png"
 ALT="$ \overline{\cos \zeta}$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyle:quad惑星半径[mathrm{m}],;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="121" HEIGHT="33" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img176.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle : \quad 惑星半径 [\mathrm{m}],$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyleq(varphi,lambda,sigma);MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="73" HEIGHT="32" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img128.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle q (\varphi, \lambda, \sigma)$">|; 

$key = q/displaystylelambda_i=frac{2pi(i-1)}{I}(i=1,2,cdots,I);MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="226" HEIGHT="55" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img24.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle \lambda_i = \frac{2 \pi (i-1)}{I}  \
(i=1,2,\cdots,I)$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyleT^a_{k+1}leftarrowT^a_{k+1}+frac{L}{C_p}frac{q^a_{k+1}-q^*(T^a_{k+1},p_{k+1})}{displaystyle1+frac{L}{C_p}DP{q^*}{T}};MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="292" HEIGHT="79" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img376.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle T^a_{k+1} \leftarrow T^a_{k+1} + \frac{L}{C_p} \frac{ q^a_{k+1} - q^*( T^a_{k+1},p_{k+1}) } {\displaystyle 1 + \frac{L}{C_p} \DP{q^*}{T} }$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyleC_{k};MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="23" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img271.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle C_{k}$">|; 

$key = q/-;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="17" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img518.png"
 ALT="$ -$">|; 

$key = q/T^a_{k+1},q^a_{k+1};MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="76" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img380.png"
 ALT="$ T^a_{k+1}, q^a_{k+1} $">|; 

$key = q/displaystylewidetilde{left(DP{f}{lambda}right)}_n^m;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="63" HEIGHT="70" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img98.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle \widetilde{ \left( \DP{f}{\lambda} \right) }_n^m$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyletau_{S,i}(z)=int_z^inftyk_{S,i}rhoqdz+int_z^inftybar{k}_{S,i}rhodz;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="261" HEIGHT="53" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img428.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle \tau_{S,i}(z) = \int_z^\infty k_{S,i} \rho q dz + \int_z^\infty \bar{k}_{S,i} \rho dz$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyle=-frac{1}{I}sum_{i=1}^Isum_{j=1}^Jf_{ij}left.DD{P_n^m}{varphi}right|_jexp(-imlambda_i)w_j.;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="280" HEIGHT="66" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img103.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle = - \frac{1}{I} \sum_{i=1}^I \sum_{j=1}^J f_{ij} \left. \DD{P_n^m}{\varphi}\right\vert _j \exp(-im \lambda_i) w_j .$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyle=beta_kleft[left(frac{sigma_k}{sigma_{k+1}}right)^{kappa}-1right]^{-1}.;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="177" HEIGHT="64" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img229.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle = \beta_k \left[ \left( \frac{ \sigma_k }{ \sigma_{k+1} } \right)^{\kappa} - 1 \right]^{-1} .$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyle=q^*(T_{k-1},p_{k-1}),;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="125" HEIGHT="32" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img307.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle = q^* (T_{k-1}, p_{k-1}),$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyle=sum_{m=0}^{M}sum_{n=m}^{N}Retilde{A}_n^mY_n^m(lambda_i,varphi_j),;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="198" HEIGHT="66" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img91.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle = \sum_{m=0}^{M} \sum_{n=m}^{N} \Re \tilde{A}_n^m Y_n^m(\lambda_i, \varphi_j),$">|; 

$key = q/A_{ij}=A(lambda_i,varphi_j);MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="111" HEIGHT="32" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img69.png"
 ALT="$ A_{ij}=A(\lambda_i,\varphi_j)$">|; 

$key = q/epsilon_v;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="18" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img511.png"
 ALT="$ \epsilon_v$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyleQ(varphi,lambda,sigma);MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="78" HEIGHT="32" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img169.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle Q  (\varphi, \lambda, \sigma)$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyle=delta_{nn'},;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="53" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img61.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle = \delta_{nn'},$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyle=dot{sigma}_{K+1slash2}=0.;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="105" HEIGHT="31" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img203.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle = \dot{\sigma}_{K+1/2} = 0.$">|; 

$key = q/displaystylet;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="10" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img120.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle t$">|; 

$key = q/dot{calA}_{dis};MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="34" HEIGHT="39" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img251.png"
 ALT="$ \dot{\cal A}_{dis} $">|; 

$key = q/displaystyleequivfrac{u^{2}+v^{2}}{2};MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="76" HEIGHT="57" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img156.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle \equiv \frac{u^{2}+v^{2}}{2 }$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyleleft(DP{T_{k}}{t}right)^{rmNG}=-frac{1}{a(1-mu^{2})}DP{U_kT'_k}{lambc{1}{a}DP{V_kT'_k}{mu}+H_{k}+{calD}(T_{k})+{calD}^{prime}(Dvect{v}),;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="476" HEIGHT="63" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img269.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle \left( \DP{T_{k}}{t} \right)^{\rm NG} = - \frac{1}{a(1-\mu^{2})} ...
...} \DP{V_k T'_k}{\mu} + H_{k} + {\cal D}(T_{k}) + {\cal D}^{\prime}(\Dvect{v}) ,$">|; 

$key = q/displaystylehat{hat{T}}_{k};MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="21" HEIGHT="48" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img489.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle \hat{\hat{T}}_{k}$">|; 

$key = q/hat{p_s};MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="19" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img452.png"
 ALT="$ \hat{p_s}$">|; 

$key = q/N_{tr};MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="29" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img50.png"
 ALT="$ N_{tr}$">|; 

$key = q/{align*}{split}{v_A}_{,k}&=-(zeta_k+f)u_k-frac{1}{2Deltasigma_k}[dot{sigma}_{k-1ac{C_{p}hat{kappa}_kT_{v,k}'}{a}DP{pi}{mu}+{calF}_{varphi,k},{split}{align*};AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="475" HEIGHT="86" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img216.png"
 ALT="\begin{align*}\begin{split}{v_A}_{,k} &amp; = - ( \zeta_k + f ) u_k - \frac{1}{2 \De...
...a}_k T_{v,k}'}{a} \DP{\pi}{\mu} + {\cal F}_{\varphi, k}, \end{split}\end{align*}">|; 

$key = q/displaystyleG_{k};MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="24" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img275.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle G_{k}$">|; 

$key = q/A_n^m;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="28" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img85.png"
 ALT="$ A_n^m$">|; 

$key = q/{align*}{split}Phi_{1}&=Phi_{s}+C_{p}(sigma_{1}^{-kappa}-1)T_{v,1}&=Phi_{s}+C_{p}alpha_{1}T_{v,1}.{split}{align*};AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="188" HEIGHT="59" ALIGN="BOTTOM" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img205.png"
 ALT="\begin{align*}\begin{split}\Phi_{1} &amp; = \Phi_{s} + C_{p} ( \sigma_{1}^{-\kappa} - 1 ) T_{v,1} \ &amp; = \Phi_{s} + C_{p} \alpha_{1} T_{v,1}. \end{split}\end{align*}">|; 

$key = q/displaystyle=C_{p}alpha_{l}delta_{kgeql}+C_{p}beta_{l}delta_{k-1geql},;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="186" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img274.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle = C_{p} \alpha_{l} \delta_{k \geq l} + C_{p} \beta_{l} \delta_{k-1 \geq l} ,$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyleDP{pi}{t}=left(frac{partialpi}{partialt}right)_{rmNG}-Dvect{C}cdotDvect{D},;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="180" HEIGHT="54" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img261.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle \DP{\pi}{t} = \left( \frac{\partial \pi}{\partial t} \right)_{\rm NG} - \Dvect{C} \cdot \Dvect{D} ,$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyle=frac{displaystyleS_{k-1slash2}+left(1+gamma_{k-1}-kappafrac{Deltap_ight)frac{1+gamma_{k}}{1+gamma_{k-1}}frac{Deltap_{k}}{Deltap_{k-1}}};MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="480" HEIGHT="100" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img355.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle = \frac{ \displaystyle S_{k-1/2} + \left( 1 + \gamma_{k-1} - \kap...
...frac{ 1 + \gamma_{k} }{ 1 + \gamma_{k-1}} \frac{\Delta p_{k}}{\Delta p_{k-1}} }$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyleequivDinv{acosvarphi}left{DP{u}{lambda}+DP{(vcosvarphi)}{varphi}right}:quad発散[mathrm{s}^{-1}].;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="311" HEIGHT="54" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img133.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle \equiv \Dinv{a \cos \varphi} \left\{ \DP{u}{\lambda} + \DP{(v \cos \varphi)}{\varphi} \right\} : \quad 発散 [\mathrm{s}^{-1}].$">|; 

$key = q/displaystylefrac{hat{p_{s}}sigma}{RT}hat{q};MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="40" HEIGHT="52" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img466.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle \frac{\hat{p_{s}} \sigma}{RT} \hat{q}$">|; 

$key = q/displaystylehat{calA}^{t+Deltat}=bar{calA}^{t-Deltat}+2Deltatdot{calA}_{adv}leftDeltat}right)+2Deltatdot{calA}_{phy}left(bar{calA}^{t-Deltat}right).;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="520" HEIGHT="45" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img246.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle \hat{\cal A}^{t+\Delta t} = \bar{\cal A}^{t-\Delta t} + 2 \Delta ...
...ight) + 2 \Delta t \dot{\cal A}_{phy}\left( \bar{\cal A}^{t-\Delta t} \right) .$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyleT^a_{k+1}=T^a_kleft(frac{p_{k+1}}{p_k}right)^{kappa};MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="148" HEIGHT="56" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img373.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle T^a_{k+1} = T^a_k \left( \frac{p_{k+1}}{p_k} \right)^{\kappa}$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyleR;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="16" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img177.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle R$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyleDvect{v}cdotnablapi=frac{u}{acosvarphi}DP{pi}{lambda}+frac{v}{a}DP{pi}{varphi}.;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="203" HEIGHT="52" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img204.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle \Dvect{v} \cdot \nabla \pi = \frac{u}{a \cos \varphi} \DP{\pi}{\lambda} + \frac{v}{a} \DP{\pi}{\varphi}.$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyleT^c_k<hat{T}_k;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="60" HEIGHT="38" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img385.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle T^c_k &lt; \hat{T}_k$">|; 

$key = q/displaystylehat{T}_{k}+S_{grst}(T_{Bk}-hat{T}_{k})-frac{sum^{k+2}_{k=k}S_{grst}(T_{Bk}-hat{T}_{k})Deltap_{k}}{sum^{k+2}_{k=k}Deltap_{k}},;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="363" HEIGHT="63" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img490.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle \hat{T}_{k} + S_{grst} (T_{Bk} - \hat{T}_{k})
- \frac{
\sum^{k+2}...
..._{grst} (T_{Bk} - \hat{T}_{k}) \Delta p_{k}
}{
\sum^{k+2}_{k=k} \Delta p_{k}
},$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyle)+{calD}(D).;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="73" HEIGHT="32" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img111.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle ) + {\cal D}(D).$">|; 

$key = q/Ige3N_{tr}+1;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="94" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img52.png"
 ALT="$ I \ge 3N_{tr}+1$">|; 

$key = q/(hat{q},hat{T});MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="43" HEIGHT="38" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img304.png"
 ALT="$ (\hat{q}, \hat{T})$">|; 

$key = q/t-Deltat;MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="49" HEIGHT="30" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img362.png"
 ALT="$ t-\Delta t$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyleleft(-1-gamma_{k}-frac{R}{C_p}frac{Deltap_{k-1slash2}}{2p_{k-1slash2Deltap_{k-1slash2}}{2p_{k-1slash2}}right)DeltaT_{k-1}=-S_{k-1slash2};MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="557" HEIGHT="54" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img344.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle \left( - 1 - \gamma_{k} - \frac{R}{C_p} \frac{\Delta p_{k-1/2}}{2...
...{C_p} \frac{\Delta p_{k-1/2}}{2 p_{k-1/2}} \right) \Delta T_{k-1} = - S_{k-1/2}$">|; 

$key = q/displaystyle{calF}_lambda(varphi,lambda,sigma);MSF=1.6;AAT/;
$cached_env_img{$key} = q|<IMG
 WIDTH="85" HEIGHT="32" ALIGN="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"
 SRC="|."$dir".q|img165.png"
 ALT="$\displaystyle {\cal F}_\lambda  (\varphi, \lambda, \sigma)$">|; 

1;

