B. Finite difference equations of the model   d. Radiation
B.d.ii. Near infrared radiation of atmospheric CO2 In the radiateve transfer equation of CO2 described in appendix A.d.i, the near infrared radiative flux (A.27) and the effective path length are discretized as follows. where is a small parameter to avoid division operation exception.
A numerical simulation of thermal convection in the Martian lower atmosphere.